When a male has an extra Y chromosome in his 23rd pair.
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Who can it only occur in?
Males.
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How frequently does the syndrome occur?
It occurs in 1 in 1000.
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What are some symptoms of XYY?
Most with the syndrome have normal development but some traits are: lower intelligence, behavioural issues, higher aggression levels and lacking in empathy levels.
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AO3 - Supporting research?
Stockholm - It was found that there was a significant increase in number of convictions in a group of males with XYY compared to a control group. This suggests that the syndrome may affect/cause criminality.
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AO3 - Criticisms of research?
Stockholm's research cannot establish a cause and effect relationship as it only shows a relationship between those who have already committed a crime. Therefore there may be other factors that influence criminality, such as social causes.
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AO3 - Opposing research?
Theilgaard - Found that XYY males had lower levels of intelligence and argued that criminality may be due to this (frustration etc). This suggests that XYY may not be a direct cause of criminality.
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AO3 - Differing theories?
Social learning theory - Criminality is caused through replicating the behaviour of our role models.
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AO3 - Application?
If the syndrome is found early, then any issues that may arise can be addressed. This may prevent labelling arising from the syndrome and therefore attempting to prevent criminality.
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AO3 - Any other evaluative points?
As XYY only affects males, it cannot explain criminality in females and is therefore reductionist. Also suggests that there are other causes of criminal behaviour.
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