Cause of Cold War

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  • Created by: Jess
  • Created on: 01-04-13 15:34
What date did Germany invade USSR?
22nd June 1941
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Why was Churchill keen to support USSR?
Because Hitler was a bigger threat than USSR
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Why was Poland important to Russia after the war?
Because they had been invaded through Poland so many times before. Control in Poland acted as defence for Russia.
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What happened at Tehran, November 1943?
It was the first meeting of the 'Big three' - Churchill, Roosevelt & Stalin - Russia was given the Baltic states including Poland.
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What happened at Yalta, February 1945?
United Nations planned to promote peace and mutual cooperation
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What evidence is there to suggest that the Soviets were spreading communism?
Pro-Communist coalition governments in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia; Communist police force established to create influence & force; other political parties disappeared; communist opposers purged; strongly controlled & influenced by stalin
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Where were the Red Army stationed?
In large parts of Europe. They were well placed to exert influence in Eastern Europe, which created anxiety in West.
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By the end of 1947, what had happened to every Eastern Europe state?
It was controlled by a communist government (except Czechoslovakia)
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What was the long telegram?
It was released February 1946, wrote by George Keenan. The US Moscow Embassy gives analysis of Soviet outlook and policy.
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When was Churchill's iron curtain speech held?
5th March, 1946
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What did Churchill's iron curtain speech call for?
An alliance between Britain and America to meet Soviet expansion
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How did American's feel about Churchill's proposed alliance?
They weren't favourable of the alliance with Britain, but agreed with Churchill & Truman's Iron fist approach.
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How did Stalin see Churchill's iron curtain speech?
Stalin saw it as dilberately provocative and called Churchill a warmonger.
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What did the Truman Doctrine, 1947 state?
That USA would aid any country or government under attack by armed minorities.
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What was the aim of the Truman Doctrine?
To prevent the spread of communism.
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When was the Truman Doctrine used?
Aid & military adivsers were sent to Greece to help the monarchist government against the communists.
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What was the aim of Marshall plan, 1947?
To provide American financial support to worn-torn Europe.
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Who was eligible for Marshall Aid?
All countries were eligible for Marshall aid, but the conditions attatched made it impossible for the communist states of Eastern Europe to apply.
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How much money was given to Europe under Marshall Aid?
Over 17 billion dollars were provided to Europe, by 1952 Western Europe's economy was experiencing sustained growth.
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What was USSR's reaction to Marshall Plan?
Tightened up their holds over Eastern Europe
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What was cominform?
An organisation controlled by the USSR, set up in 1947 to coordinate communist parties throughout Europe. Its propaganda was virulently Anti-American.
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What was comecon?
An organisation controlled by the USSR, set up in 1949 to coordinate the economies of communist countries. Economic aid was limited, but the organisation was able to ensure that a stalinist state-owned economy was imposed on the countries of East Eur
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What happened in Czechoslovakia, 1948?
police force taken over by communists & purged of non-personnel; representatives of other political parties removed from government in February; President Benes forces to resign as president, replaced by communist Gotwald.
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What was the significance of Czechoslovakian crisis, 1948?
It had psychological significance for the West.
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What was the Berlin blockade?
On 24th June 1948, Stalin took action: all road, rail and canal links with West Berlin were severed
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How did the US react to the Berlin Blockade?
The US used aircraft to supply West Berlin with food, raw materials, cars, coal, mail & newsprint.
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How did Marshall Aid contribute to the Berlin blockade?
East Germany denied access to funds. Living conditions took longer to recover from war. USSR punishing Germans for war; USSR jealous/bitter about not getting help?
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How did the administration of Berlin contribute to the Berlin blockade?
Council of foreign ministers, which had been attempting to agree a system of administration for Berlin, broke up without agreement in December 1947. No-one to tell USSR not to block transport.
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How did the administration of Western Germany contribute to the Berlin blockade?
Led to the decision to establish a separate West German State in June 1948
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How did West Berlin's new currency contribute to the Berlin blockade?
Western powers decided to introduce a new currency to its zones including West Berlin.The new Deutsche mark would provide economic stability and aid recovery. It was a symbol of growing prosperity of the Western sectors compared with the East
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What was Stalin's aim when imposing the Berlin blockade?
Stalin wanted the west to give up West Berlin so that the Soviet Union could have full communist influence on East Germany
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What were the outcomes of the Berlin blockade?
It was totally ineffective for Soviet Union; demonstrated strength of USA; provoked genuine fear of war in the West; During the blockadee, the US stationed B-29 bombers in Britian; accelerated the Western powers plans to set up the West German state
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What were the results of the Berlin blockade on Western foreign policy?
On April 1949, the US opened talks with Canada & the countries of Western Europe with the aim of committing itself to a military alliance. The result was the set up of NATO.
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What was the significance of NATO?
Involved US in a military alliance in peactime & therefore, made it clear to the USSR that there would be no return to isolationism; an attack on one was seen as an attack on all; a defensive organisation to protect the West & its interests
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What was NATO's affect on the USSR?
Stalin viewed it as a dilberate proactive action; but the USSR was able to enhance its capability by breaking the American Nuclear monopoly - the USSR exploded its 1st atomic bomb in August 1949
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What were the results of Germany following the Berlin blockade?
Divisions were now to become permanent. In August 1949, the 3 Western Zones of Germany joined together to become the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany); in response, the Russian zone became the German democratic Republic (East Germany) in Oct
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When was the Communist People's Republic of China proclaimed?
October 1949
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How did the USA see communist China?
As Stalin spreading communism.
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Who was Vietnam ruled by?
Communist leaders & well positioned to get support from Mao's communists after 1949.
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What were the origins of Korean War?
Leader in South Korea: Syngman Rhee was hardline anti-communist; Leader in People's Republic of Korea (North): Kim il Sung - wanted to unite Korea under communism
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Why did the USA Get involved in the Korean War?
Because they thought they were losing the Cold War; NSC-18 suggested that communism should be confronted; reflection of speed at which South was collapsing; Success of UN forces in pushing back N.Korea gave USA opportunity to weaken communism in Asia
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Why did China get involved in the Korean War?
The Chinese became increasingly concerned when UN forces marched to Yalu River (chinese Border) in November 1950
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When was NSC-68 issued and who by?
April 1950 by the National Security Council
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How did NSC-68 see the world?
bipolar.
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What did NSC-68 recommend?
reversing previous policy of containment & focusing on 'roll back'; the view that communism needed to be confronted & pushed back to safeguard the free world.
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When was the first event to show the use of NSC-68?
During the Korean War when UN forces crossed the 38th parallel.
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What did Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy do?
Accused many who worked for the government of being communists and disloyal to the US. He had no evidence, yet thousands of Americans were willing to believe him.
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Why do writers since 1991 (when communism in USSR collapsed) think the Cold War started?
Clash of ideologies
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Why do post revisionists think the Cold War started?
Cold War was about settling German question after WW2; Seen as a clash between military establishments - both seeking world domination; America & Russia wanted to keep peace after war but conflict caused by lack of understanding
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Why do revisionists think the Cold War started?
This approach reached its high during the Vietnam War. They believed that the US was to blame for Cold War: America dropped the atomic bomb, Truman decided to do this to intimidate USSR; Chief aim was to keep trade open & make other countries capital
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Why do traditionalist historians think the Cold War started?
This was the official government view until the 1960s; Stalin's military expansion to blame, America were just defending themselves; The Cold War wouldn't end if communism still existed
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Card 2

Front

Why was Churchill keen to support USSR?

Back

Because Hitler was a bigger threat than USSR

Card 3

Front

Why was Poland important to Russia after the war?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happened at Tehran, November 1943?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happened at Yalta, February 1945?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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