Causality and Biology 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyClinical PsychologyUniversityNone Created by: The ShrewCreated on: 13-01-16 20:28 2 explanations Proximate- lifetime of individual, how things happen, biological- genetics, brain, neurotransmitters/ Ultimate- how, evolution, why 1 of 16 2 types of diagnosis Organic- clear biological causes (rare)/ Functional- no clear systematic organic causes (most) 2 of 16 2 types of causes Necessary- cause that always has to be present (None)/ Sufficient- if this is present disorder is always diagnosed (None) 3 of 16 Behavioural genetics genetic relatedness and correlations using twin and adoption studies 4 of 16 Molecular genetics sequences of DNA look for similarities 5 of 16 Common method Genome-wide association studies 6 of 16 Epigenetics changes in gene expression affect distress- methyl groups block DNA so it can't be read 7 of 16 Gottesman Mz 46%/ Dz 17%- sz 8 of 16 Hek et al continuum of depression searched for common variants- found nothing 9 of 16 Faraone Few replicated findings for genetivs 10 of 16 Open paradigm project Joanna Moncrieff/ Leah Harris- anti drug appeals 11 of 16 Parental stress causes changes in epigenome in 3 ways change in sex gametes/ uterine environment/ postnatal care 12 of 16 Environment can change Gene expression/ brain functioning/ brain morphology 13 of 16 Neigh et al trauma in childhood can effect hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis depending on genetic make-up of the individual 14 of 16 People have different hormonal response to different situations Environment x Biology= adaptive response 15 of 16 Maltreated children experience stress release oxytocin instead of cortisol 16 of 16
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