Cartography and Digital Mapping
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- Created by: tom statham
- Created on: 21-01-14 11:11
What is Cartography?
Conception, production, dissemination and study of maps in all forms
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In early carography, how was greek-view cartography based?
Observation and measurement
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What did Ptolemy's Geographia create?
Latitude and Longitude
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Aristole suggested the Earth was a sphere, but what observations supported his theory?
Ships got smaller as they went over the horizon and the moon is spherical
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Medieval Europe dipicited what city as the centre of the world
Jerusalem
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The first topographic map was based in
France and England
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Mercator invented map projections, great for navigation but what was the consequence?
It caused the distortion of large objects, closer to the poles. So Europe is over-emphasized
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Geographic Information Systems are;
Organised collections of computer hardware, software, data and people to efficiently capture, store, manipulate, analyse and visualise data
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The 5 generations of computer mapping include
Outline on line printer, output on line plotter, output on mainframe computer screen, desktop mapping on PCs (1980s) and web maps and multimedia (90s)
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GIS combines'
DataBase Management Systems (DBMS) with computer mapping programmes
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Computer cartography represents;
Spatial visualization
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GIS represents;
Spatial analysis
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Spatial data represents;
Tells us where a feature is
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Raster digital data represents;
"representation of the world as a surface divided into regular grid of cells
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Raster is captured by;
Remote-sensing satellites and scanning
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Vector data is
Representation of the world as; points, lines and polygons
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Georeferencing is'
Correcting remote sensing images of moving geometric distortion by motion of sensors or earth
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Spatial data and attribute data is;
Widely available
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General purpose maps
Represent multiple types of information
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Thematic maps
Represent a specific, single type of data
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Chloropleth maps
Data collection, where the units are shaded in proportional to data values associated
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Colour hue is;
The electromagnetic energy wavelength
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Colour value is;
Lightness/darkness
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Colour intensity
Saturation
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Colour connotation is;
Colours symbolise things
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Bipolar scheme
Diverging scheme
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Nominal scheme
Qualitative
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Interval
Sequential scheme
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Proportional symbolic mapping
Point symbols are scaled in proportion to the magnitude of data occuring at point locations
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True point data
Data measured at point locations e.g. temp @ weather stations
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Conceptual point data
collected over areas but conceived as of being located at points for purposes of symbolization
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Dot map
Small symbol of uniform size are used to emphasize spatial patterns of phenomenon
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Bivariate mapping
2 attributes combined in the same thematic map
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A spatial map is
The internalized spatial representation
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Cartogram
map purposely designed to distort geographic space based on values of a theme
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Distance cartogram
Real world distances distorted to reflect an attribute
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Area cartogram
Scale administative units as a function of the value of an attribute
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Flow map
Depicits the linear movement of phenomenon between geographic locations
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Multidimensional scaling
Exploratory statistical technique used to visualize similarities
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Cyberspace
Navigateable space
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Internet
Global network of computers
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Intranet
private, corporate networks
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2 major views of maps
As communicative tools and social construbctions
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Map projections
Transform the curved 3D of the Earth onto a flat, 2D plane - where some distances are stretched and some are shortened
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Equal area projections
Preserve area
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Conformal projections
Preserve local angles
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Comprimise projection
Balance between distortion and aesthetics
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Tissot's indicatrix
Mathematical model to show distortion because of map projecitons
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Mercator
A conformal, cylindrical projection
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Meridans
a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
In early carography, how was greek-view cartography based?
Back
Observation and measurement
Card 3
Front
What did Ptolemy's Geographia create?
Back
Card 4
Front
Aristole suggested the Earth was a sphere, but what observations supported his theory?
Back
Card 5
Front
Medieval Europe dipicited what city as the centre of the world
Back
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