Cardiovascular system during exercise

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When can stroke volume increase?
The arteries can be vasodilated (widened) in order to increase the supply of blood to the working muscles.
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What is the vascular shunt mechanism?
They can be vasoconstricted (narrowed) in order to decrease the supply to non-essential tissues, such as certain organs.
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What can the arteries do to increase the blood supply to the working muscles
Stroke volume can only increase if venous return increases. The increased venous return allows the ventricles to stretch further before contract,which forces more blood out of the heart (Frank-starling mechanism)
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What can the arteries do to decrease the supply to non-essential tissues, such as certain organs
The body response to exercise by altering the distribution of blood flow around the body
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What is vascular shunting controlled by?
This process is controlled by the precapillary sphincters, which are smooth muscle surrounding the intersection between the arterioles and capillaries.
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What do the arterioles do to control blood flow?
Skeletal muscle pump: Blood vessels are squeezed as the muscles around them contract. This forces blood against gravity.
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What is the above process controlled by?
controlled by the vasomtor centre in the medulla oblongata which alters the diameter of the arteries via the sympathetic nervous system
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Name the 1st method which supports venous return?
The arterioles can also widen and narrow in order to control blood flow to the capillaries
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Name the 2nd method which supports venous return?
Smooth muscle: Is able to constrict in order to increase venous return.
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Name the 3rd method which supports venous return?
Gravity: Aids the venous return of blood from areas above the heart.
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Name the 4th method which supports venous return?
The respiratory pump: the pressure gradient between the thoracic and abdominal cavities forces blood through the veins
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Name the 5th method which supports venous return?
valves: Ensure blood does not flow backwards in the veins, where it is under low pressure
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What 3 factors is heart rate controlled by?
1- Adrenaline – increases heart rate by stimulating the adrenergic receptors and SA node 2-Noradrenaline – is released during stressful situations in order to increase the heart rate and prepare the body to deal with the situation
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What is the cardiac control centre is informed by?
1-core temperature of the body control the heart rate. When the core temperatrue is too high, the heart rate increases in order to increase blood flow to the skin where heat can be lost
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What 2 hormones can control heart rate?
1-Neural factors 2-Hormonal factors 3-Intrinsic factors
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Example of Intrinsic Factors to regulate heart rate?
1- Baroreceptors – respond to blood pressure 2-Proprioceptors – respond to muscle activity 3-Chemoreceptors – respond to acidity
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

Back

They can be vasoconstricted (narrowed) in order to decrease the supply to non-essential tissues, such as certain organs.

Card 3

Front

What can the arteries do to increase the blood supply to the working muscles

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What can the arteries do to decrease the supply to non-essential tissues, such as certain organs

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is vascular shunting controlled by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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