Biology-B2-Cardiovascular Disease

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  • Created by: tonisha_
  • Created on: 27-09-21 19:09
What is the term Cardiovascular Disease used to describe?
diseases of the heart and blood vessels
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What are some examples?
(4)
CHD
heart attacks
faulty valves
heart failure
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What is the job of the coronary arteries?
to supply blood to the heart muscle
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What happens to the arteries when a person has Coronary Heart Disease?
they become blocked with layers of fatty deposits
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What is this process also called?
atherosclerosis
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What are the fatty deposits also known as?
(2)
atheroma
plaques
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What does this cause the arteries to do?
narrow
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What does this restrict?
blood flow
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What does less blood flow result in ?
less oxygen reaching heart muscle
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What does this cause for the heart?
cant contract and relax properly
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What can this result in?
a heart attack
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What is one treatment option?
stents
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What is a stent?
a mesh tube
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What does it do when in the artery?
expand
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What does this keep the artery?
open
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What does this ensure?
that blood can pass through
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What are the advantages of this method?
(2)
effective for a long time

recovery time is quick
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A disadvantage is that there is a risk of what during the surgery?
complications
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What are two examples of complications?
heart attacks

infection
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What is there also a risk of developing?
a blood clot
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Where is it likely to develop this blood clot?
near the stent
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What is this also called ?
thrombosis
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What is another treatment method?
statins
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What are statins?
drugs
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What do they do in the blood?
reduce cholesterol
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How many types of cholesterol are there?
two
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What are these called?
HDL

LDL
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What do they stand for?
High Density Lipoproteins
Low Density Lipoproteins
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Which one is the good cholesterol?
HDL
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Which one is the bad cholesterol?
LDL
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Which cholesterol does statins get rid of?
LDL
bad cholesterol
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How does it reduce the amount of LDL?
by slowing down the rate of fatty deposits forming
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An advantage is that reduced cholesterol can also lead to a reduced risk in what?
reduced risk of strokes, Coronary Heart Disease and heart attacks
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What can it also increase?
the amount of HDL
good cholesterol
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What else may it help prevent?
other diseases
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A disadvantage is that they have to be taken for how long?
long term
taken regularly
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What else may happen since they need to be taken regularly?
you may forget to take them
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They can also have what?
side effects
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What are some examples?
kidney failure
liver damage
memory loss
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The effect also isnt what?
instant
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What does this mean?
it takes time for the effect to kick in
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What is a treatment method for heart failure?
Artificial heart
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When may an artificial heart be used?
(2)
if they need a heart transplant
no donor heart is available
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What are artificial hearts?
mechanical devices
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What do they do?
pump blood
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Are they permanent or temporary?
temporary
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What are they mainly used for?
(2)
keeping a person alive
allowing them to recover
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One advantage is that they are less likely to be rejected by what?
immune system
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What are they made from?
metals and plastics
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What does this decrease the chances of the body doing?
recognising them as foreign
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One disadvantage is that it requires what?
surgery
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What may this lead to?
bleeding and infection
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Why may these not work as well as healthy natural hearts?
parts of heart could wear out
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What could happen to electric motor?
it could fail
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Blood also doesnt flow as what?
smoothly
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What can this cause the blood to do?
clot
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What else could this lead to?
strokes
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What will the patient have to take?
drugs
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Why?
to thin their blood
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What is a treatment for valve damage?
valve replacements
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What are three ways in which valves may become damaged or weakened?
heart attacks
infection
old age
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What will this damage cause to the valve tissue?
it will stiffen
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What two things could this lead to the valves doing?
not opening properly

valves may become leaky
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Why is valves becoming leaky a bad thing?
as blood will flow both ways
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This causes the blood to not circulate what?
effectively
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How many types of valve replacement are there?
two
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What are they?
biological

mechanical
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What are biological valves made of?
humans/other mammals
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What are mechanical valves?
manmade
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What is an advantage of this?
replacing valve is less drastic than heart transplant
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What is a disadvantage?
blood clots may still occur
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What is artificial blood used for?
when someone loses a lot of blood
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What is artificial blood made of?
saline solution
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An advantage of this is that it can keep a person alive even if they lose how much or RBC's?
2/3
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What will this give the patient?
time
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time for what?
to produce new RBC's
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A disadvantage is that what may get into the blood?
air bubbles
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What may the patient still need?
a blood transfusion
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are some examples?
(4)

Back

CHD
heart attacks
faulty valves
heart failure

Card 3

Front

What is the job of the coronary arteries?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens to the arteries when a person has Coronary Heart Disease?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is this process also called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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