Cardio

?
S1?
Lub (normal)
1 of 22
S2?
Dub (normal)
2 of 22
S3?
Ventiricular gallop; just after S2 due to blood hitting ventricle wall. can be normal in athletes, pregnancy, kids or elderly, associated with congestive cardiac failure eg less ventricular compliance
3 of 22
S4?
Atrial gallop; just after S1 during late diastole. caused by atria forcing blood into left ventricle which is often thickened due to hypertensive changes or aortic stenosis
4 of 22
Aortic stenosis
mid systolic murmur, most serious valve pathology caused by calcification of the aortic valve
5 of 22
Murmur?
turbulent flow through a valve (whooshing sound)
6 of 22
ACS
reduced blood flow to the heart due to plaque. unstable angina/MI. CP,JP,BP,AP,SOB,diaphoresis - give aspirin/GTN --- to PPCI
7 of 22
COPD
Bronchitis / Emphasema
8 of 22
Bronchitis?
Inflammation of airways
9 of 22
Emphasema
Damage to alveoli
10 of 22
** of COPD
Chesty, flemmy cough, wheezing, recurrent chest infections, barrel chest. salbutamol/oxygen
11 of 22
Asthma
narrowing/swollen airways, wheezing crackles SOB tightness, inability to exhale. peak flow/salbutomol
12 of 22
Pneumonia
inflammation of alveoli puss/fluid, CP flemmy cough SOB N+V low body temp.. oxygen
13 of 22
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
raised pressure in heart, fluid in lungs from lung disease, can be due to pneumonia. wheezing SOB crackles worse lying download and clammy blood in sputum
14 of 22
causes of pulmonary oedema?
HTN, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, valve problems
15 of 22
cause of PE?
pill/pregnancy/immobilisation/HTN/recent surgery
16 of 22
what is Bronchiecstasis
airways become abnormally wide causing build up of mucus and resp. infections
17 of 22
s/s bronchiectasis
productive cough w/sputum, wheezing, joint pain, pluretic CP, dyspnea
18 of 22
plural effusion
build up of fluid between visceral and parietal layers
19 of 22
plural effusion s/s
hypo resonance on percussion, tachycardia, tachypnea, cough, hypoxia, work of breathing
20 of 22
causes of plural effusion
congestive heart failure, pneumonia, severe kidney disease, cancer, PE, autoimmune diseases, open heart surgery complication
21 of 22
Biots respirations
irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea that lacks repetitive pattern indicative of brain injury
22 of 22

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

S2?

Back

Dub (normal)

Card 3

Front

S3?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

S4?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Aortic stenosis

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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