The homologous series of carboxylic acids includes...
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid
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Molecular formula of methanoic acid
HCOOH
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Molecular formula of ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
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Molecular formula of propanoic acid
CH3CH2COOH
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Trend in b.p.
Methanoic- low; propanoic- high
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Trend in density
Methanoic- high; propanoic- low
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Why do carboxylic acids have similar chemical properties?
They have the same functional group
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What happens to carboxylic acids when they dissolve in water?
Make acidic solution, with pH less than 7
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What happens to carboxylic acids when they react with carbonates?
Produce CO2+ Water+ a salt (....anoate)
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Why do carboxylic acids dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions?
They ionise+ release H+ ions- responsible for making solutions acidic.
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Why do carboxylic acids only form weak acidic solutions?
They don't ionise completely- not many H+ ions are released
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What does high pH mean?
Less acidic- less H+ ions in the water
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Uses of carboxylic acids
Vinegar- solution of ethanoic acid; cirtric acid- added to drinks to give them a sour taste; aspirin- painkiller taken by people at risk of heart attack- reduces blood clotting; fruits+ veggies contain ascorbic acid, vitamin C;preparation of esters
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What are carboxylic acids with longer chains of carbon atoms used for?
Soaps and detergents
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Why does an ethanoic acid molecule get ionised when it dissolves in water?
A hydrogen ion may leave its functional group. The acid molecule splits up to form ions.
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What does it mean when an acid is fully ionised?
It is strong and is completely ionised in solution
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What is pH?
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+ in solution
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What does 'concentrated' acid mean?
It has a greater amount of acid dissolved in a certain volume of solution than a more dilute solution of the same acid
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What does 'strong' acid mean?
An acid which ionises completely+ has a low pH-> a higher concentration of H+ ions dissolved in the acid
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The homologous series of carboxylic acids includes...
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