Carboxylic Acids & Esters

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What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids all contain the –COOH group
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What type of acids are carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids are weak acids. This means that dilute solutions of carboxylic acids have higher pHs (ie are less acidic) than dilute solutions of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
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Carboxylic acid's reaction with metal
acid + metal → salt + hydrogen For example: ethanoic acid + magnesium → magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen
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Carboxylic acid's reaction with an alkali
acid + soluble hydroxide → salt + water For example: ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium ethanoate + water
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Carboxylic acid's reaction with a corbonate
acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide For example: ethanoic acid + calcium carbonate → calcium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
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How are esters formed?
Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. The general word equation is: carboxylic acid + alcohol → ester + water
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What are esters used for?
Esters have distinctive smells, which are often fruity. They are therefore used in the manufacture of perfumes and food additives. Esters are also used in solvents and plasticisers.
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What is the functional group for esters?
-OH
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What are fats and oils?
Fats and oils are naturally-occurring esters of three long carboxylic acids with a special type of alcohol called glycerol. Glycerol has three carbon atoms, each with an –OH group on.
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What type of fat does animal fat contain?
Animal fats (eg lard) usually contain a lot of saturated fats, which means that there are no C=C double bonds
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What type of fat does vegeteble oil contain?
Vegetable oils and fats usually contain a higher proportion of unsaturated molecules, which means that they contain one or more C=C bonds.
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Describe the hydrolysis of fats and oils
Fats and oils contain ester links formed when glycerol has reacted with fatty acids. These ester links can be broken when they react with water, splitting the molecule back into an acid and an alcohol.
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What is the word equation for hydrolysis of an ester?
ester + water → acid + alcohol
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What type of acids are carboxylic acids?

Back

Carboxylic acids are weak acids. This means that dilute solutions of carboxylic acids have higher pHs (ie are less acidic) than dilute solutions of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Card 3

Front

Carboxylic acid's reaction with metal

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Carboxylic acid's reaction with an alkali

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Carboxylic acid's reaction with a corbonate

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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