Carbohydrates 1: simple sugars 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological moleculesASOCR Created by: racheonCreated on: 12-02-14 19:02 How much do carbohydrates make up of the organic matter of a cell? 10% 1 of 28 What are carbohydrates' functions in organisms? (3) Energy source and store, and structure. 2 of 28 What do some carbohydrates form part of? Larger molecules. 3 of 28 What elements do carbohydrates contain? Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 4 of 28 What does the term carbohydrate mean, and why? It means 'hydrated carbon' because the elements are found in the proportions Cn(H20)n. 5 of 28 Define carbohydrates. They make up a group of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio Cn(H20)n. 6 of 28 What are the simplest carbohydrates called? Monosaccharides. 7 of 28 What are monosaccharides? The monomers of carbohydrate. 8 of 28 How are all larger carbohydrates made? By joining monosaccharides together. 9 of 28 How many carbons atoms do the different monosaccharides contain? Between 3 and 6. 10 of 28 What are 3-carbon monosaccharides known as? Triose sugars. 11 of 28 What are 5-carbon monosaccharides known as? Pentose sugars. 12 of 28 What are 6-carbon monosaccharides known as? Hexose sugars. 13 of 28 Which are the most common monosaccharides? Hexose sugars. 14 of 28 Give 2 examples of hexose sugars. Glucose and fructose. 15 of 28 What do glucose and fructose contain apart from 6 carbons? 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens. 16 of 28 How are hexose sugars written? C6H12O6. 17 of 28 What structures do pentoses and hexoses tend to have? Ring structures. 18 of 28 What 2 ways can glucose be drawn? As a chain or ring structure. 19 of 28 What are the 2 different ways the ring structure of glucose forms? Where the H and OH at carbon 1 may be above or below the plane of the ring. 20 of 28 In an alpha glucose, where is the OH? Below the plane. 21 of 28 In a beta glucose, where is the OH? Above the plane. 22 of 28 What does the difference of structure of the 2 glucose molecules lead to? Some different properties. 23 of 28 What reaction joins 2 monosaccharides, and what does this form and eliminate (3)? A condensation reaction, forming a disaccharide molecule, a new covalent bond called a glycosidic bond, and water is eliminated. 24 of 28 What happens in the hydrolysis of a disaccharide? A water molecule is used to break the glycosidic bond. 25 of 28 What involves the making and breaking of glycosidic bonds? Building the polysaccharides starch, glycogen and cellulose, and the breaking down of larger molecules. 26 of 28 Are disaccharides still sugars? Yes. 27 of 28 What are the 2 products of a condensation reaction? A larger molecule as a result of bonding 2 smaller molecules and a water molecule. 28 of 28
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