Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides as Structural Units

?
  • Created by: shyde7
  • Created on: 24-03-16 10:04
Where is cellulose found?
In plants, forming cell walls.
1 of 27
True or False: "Cellulose is a heteropolysaccharide"?
False. Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide.
2 of 27
What type of molecule is cellulose made of?
Beta-glucose.
3 of 27
How many monosaccharides molecules form a cellulose polysaccharide?
Up to 15,000 beta-glucose molecules.
4 of 27
How common is cellulose?
Cellulose is the most common polysaccharide in the world.
5 of 27
What shape does cellulose form?
It is in straight chains that lie side by side.
6 of 27
This structure is the result of what?
Bonding.
7 of 27
What is different about the Hydrogen and Hydroxyl groups in cellulose?
They are inverted because cellulose is made from beta-glucose.
8 of 27
What effect do the inverted hydrogen and hydroxyl groups have on cellulose's structure?
It means in order for condensation to bond the two molecules together, every other beta-glucose molecule must be rotates 180 degrees. This and the 1-4 glycosidic bond prevents the molecule from spiralling.
9 of 27
What gives the chain additional strength?
Hydrogen bonds between the rotated beta-glucose molecules.
10 of 27
Hydrogen bonds also form where?
Between the chains, which gives the whole structure additional strength.
11 of 27
How can hydrogen bonds form between chains in cellulose?
Because the hydroxyl group on carbon 2 sticks out.
12 of 27
How are mirofibrils formed?
When 60 or 70 cellulose chains are joined by hydrogen bonds.
13 of 27
How big are microfibrils?
10-30nm in diameter.
14 of 27
What do macrofibrils consist of?
Around 400 microfibrils.
15 of 27
How are plant cell walls formed?
The macrofibrils are embedded in pectins.
16 of 27
How do macrofibrils give the cell wall extra strength?
By running in all directions, criss-crossing the wall.
17 of 27
Microfibrils and macrofibrils have very high what?
Tensile strength, because of the glycosidic bonds, but also because of the hydrogen bonds between chains.
18 of 27
Why is it difficult to digest cellulose?
The glycosidic bonds between molecules are hard to break.
19 of 27
Why is it important that cellulose is so strong?
Because plants do not have a skeleton, and so cellulose is relied on to support the plant.
20 of 27
Why is the cell wall considered fully permeable?
Because there is space for water and mineral ions to pass their way in and out of the cell.
21 of 27
How are turgid cells protected?
Because of the high tensile strength, turgid cells do not burst. They are instead used to further support the plant.
22 of 27
Which are the only animals to use cellulose as food?
Cows and other ruminants e.g. sheep, camels, giraffes etc. Microorganisms in their digestive system produce cellulase.
23 of 27
How much of cotton is made of cellulose?
90%
24 of 27
Which common domestic item is also derived from cellulose?
Cellophane.
25 of 27
What do bacterial cell walls consist of?
Peptidoglycan, made of long polysaccharide chains that lie in parallel that are cross-linked by short peptide chains.
26 of 27
What are insect and crustacean cell walls made from?
Chitin.
27 of 27

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

True or False: "Cellulose is a heteropolysaccharide"?

Back

False. Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide.

Card 3

Front

What type of molecule is cellulose made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How many monosaccharides molecules form a cellulose polysaccharide?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How common is cellulose?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules resources »