Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyBiological moleculesASOCR Created by: shyde7Created on: 24-03-16 09:15 Is a polysachharide a monomer or a polymer? A polymer, of monosaccharides. 1 of 37 How many monosaccharides form a polysaccharide? Hundreds or thousands. 2 of 37 What is a homopolysaccharide? a polysaccharide consisting of just one type of monosaccharide 3 of 37 What is a heteropolysaccharide? A polysaccharide consisting of more than one type of polysaccharide. 4 of 37 How can we tell glucose is a source of energy? Because it is a reactant of respiration. 5 of 37 What is created when you join many glucose molecules together? A store of energy. 6 of 37 How do plants store energy? As starch in chloroplasts and membrane-bound starch grains 7 of 37 How do animals store energy? As glycogen in cells of the muscle and liver. 8 of 37 Why is it a good thing that starch and glycogen are compact? Many dense granules can be stored within the cell. 9 of 37 Glucose molecules are held in which form in polysaccharides? Chains. 10 of 37 Why is this a good thing? Because they can easily be 'snipped off' by hydrolysis when needed for respiration 11 of 37 True or False: "Hydrolysis reactions are always catalysed by enzymes." True. 12 of 37 Give 2 advantages of branched chains: More compact and offer the opportunity for lots of glucose molecules to be 'snipped off' at once. 13 of 37 Give an example of an unbranched chain. Amylose 14 of 37 Give an example of a branched chain. Amylopectin or Glycogen. 15 of 37 What is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysing 1-4 linkages? Amylase. 16 of 37 What is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysing 1-6 linkages? Glucosidase 17 of 37 Are polysaccharides more or less soluble than monosaccharides? Less 18 of 37 Why are polysaccharides less soluble than monosachharides? Because of their size, and also because all areas that could hydrogen bond with water are hidden inside the molecule. 19 of 37 What shape does the amylose molecule sometimes form and why does this prevent it from being soluble? A double helix and because this presents a hydrophobic external surface 20 of 37 Where is amylose found? In plants. 21 of 37 What type of bonds does amylose have? A 1-4 glycosidic bond (A glycosidic bond between carbons 1 and 4) 22 of 37 Where is amylopectin found? In plants. 23 of 37 What type of bonds does amylopectin have? Like amylose, it has 1-4 glycosidic bonds, but also 1-6 glycosidic bonds where chains are attached. 24 of 37 Where is glycogen found? In animals. 25 of 37 What type of bonds does glycogen have? Like amylose, it has 1-4 glycosidic bonds, but also 1-6 glycosidic bonds where chains are attached. 26 of 37 What are amylose, amylopectin and glycogen composed of? A long chain of alpha-glucose molecules. 27 of 37 What shape does amylose form? A spiral shape, with hydrogen bonds holding the spiral in place. 28 of 37 What is situated on the inside of the coil of amylose? Hydroxyl groups attached to carbon 2. 29 of 37 Why are hydroxyl groups on the inside of the coil of amylose a good thing? It makes the molecule less soluble and allows hydrogen bonds to form and maintain the molecule structure. 30 of 37 What is the main difference between the structure of amylopectin and amylose? Amylopectin has branches emerging from the spiral. 31 of 37 Why does glycogen have less tendency to coil? Because glycogen has is smaller than amylopectin or amylose. 32 of 37 How does glucose's structure affect its shape? The branches are smaller so the molecule is more compact. 33 of 37 The core of an glycogen or amylopectin molecule is resistant to what? Hydrolysis of enzymes. 34 of 37 What is this resistance called? A limit dextrin. 35 of 37 What is a limit dextrin a major component of? Mucus. 36 of 37 How much of the liver can be glycogen? 7% 37 of 37
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