carbohydrates

?
monomer
a small soluble molecule that can join similar molecules to form a polymer
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polymer
a large insoluble molecule made up of many similar repeating monomers
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condensation reaction
the joining of two monomers togethe by forming a chemical bond. this releases water
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hydrolysis reaction
the breaking down of two monomers by breaking the chemical bond. this releases water
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what are the three disaccharides
maltose
sucrose
lactose
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the two monosaccharides that form maltose
alpha glucose
alpha glucose
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the two monosaccharides that form sucrose
alpha glucose
fructose
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polysaccharide
formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides
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the two monosaccharides that form lactose
alpha glucose
galactose
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what are the two reducing sugars
maltose
lactose
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what is the non-reducing sugar
sucrose
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glycosidic bond
a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides
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starch structure
(4 points + function)
> helix shape so its compact
> many branches so glucose is hydrolyised more quickly for respirations
> insoluble so it doesnt effect water potential and osmosis
> large molecule so it doesnt diffuse acros the cell surface membrane
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glycogen structure
> helix fro compact shape
> insoluble so it doesnt effect water potential or osmosis
> more highly branched shorter chains for a large surface are and the the branched endings for more hydrolysis
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cellulose structure
(4 points)
> long, straight unbrached chains of beta glucose
> hydrogen bonds can form cross bridges
> these can form microfibrills
> which provide strength
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reducing sugars test
1. add benidicks reactant
2. heat to 95'C
3. blue to brick red colour change
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non-reducing sugars test
1. add hydrochloric acid and heat
2. nuetralise with sodium hyrogoen carbonate
3. add benidicks reactant
4. heat to 95'C
5. blue to brick red colour change
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disaccharide
formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a large insoluble molecule made up of many similar repeating monomers

Back

polymer

Card 3

Front

the joining of two monomers togethe by forming a chemical bond. this releases water

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the breaking down of two monomers by breaking the chemical bond. this releases water

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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