Affrication of /t,d/ before front high vowels /i,y/ and voiced semi-vowels /j,ɥ/.
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How are SF /n,k,g/ sometimes realised in Canadian French?
Palatalised to [nj, kj, gj]. Not necessarily realised this way by all speakers of Canadian French.
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What are /ʃ,ʒ/ aspirated to?
In a broad Quebec accent /ʃ,ʒ/ of SF may be realised as [h,ɦ].
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What happens to final consonants in Canadian French?
Widespread elision o final consonants in a cluster, especially liquid consonants /R, l/. + some 'normally mute' consonants pronounced and even consonants not reflected in standard orthography are pronounced.
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What happens to SF /l/ in articles?
Elision of /l/ in articles, with a compensatory lengthening of the vowel e.g. a: tab (la table).
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How is -r pronounced in Canadian French?
SF voiced uvular trill [R] may be realised as [r, ɾ] but may also be realised in the same way as SF but some younger speakers.
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What happens to /i,y,u/ in closed syllables?
/i,y,u/ become lowered to [ɪ,ʏ,ʊ] in closed syllables except when followed by an [R].
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What phonemic distinctions are retained in Canadian French that are being lost in SF?
/ɛ, ɛ:/ as in fait, fête; /a,ɑ/ as in patte, pâte
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How is [ã] realised in Canadian French?
[æ̃] (nasalised near-high front unrounded)
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What frequently happens to glides?
Syncopation of glides e.g. ben where [j] is elided, and pis where [ɥ] is elided.
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What happens to unstressed vowels?
They are frequently elided e.g. schwa, also occurs in French but less systematic.
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What gives Quebecois its distinctive stress pattern?
weakening and elision of unstressed vowels + lengthening of vowels = initial and final stress pattern
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How are moi and toi characteristically pronounced by speakers of 'joual'?
/mwe/ and /twe/, 'oi' pronounced as [we] instead of SF [wa], comes from 16th century French pronunciation.
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What has [wɛ] reduced to in some cases?
Tendency in French reduce to [ɛ] as early as 1300s, this tendency survived in Quebec French, hence the pronunciation of words such as froid as /frɛt/.
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What can the pronunciation of word final /t/ or /s/ serve to differentiate?
Masculine and feminine e.g. ceuses (celles v. ceux).
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What is a cuir?
Cuir liaison is the non-standard liaison using a /t/ to link e.g. je suis t'allee.
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What is velour?
Velour liaison is the non-standard additional linking of /s,z/ e.g. dix-sept s'operations.
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When does neutralisation of opposition occur between [ɔ]/[u]?
Neutralisation of [ɔ]/[u] occurs in closed syllables before a nasal consonant.
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When does neutralisation of opposition between [ɔ] and [œ] occur?
Before an [r] e.g. corvé for crevé.
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What is 'elle' sometimes reduced to?
Elle is reduced to /a/ before a consonant or /al/ before a vowel.
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How does Acadian French form the 1p plural?
Acadian French uses 1p subject pronoun + 1p plural verb form, where SF may use 'nous'.
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How does Acadian French form the 3p plural?
-ont inflection, which is generalised from 3p plural present indicative of avoir, used for 3p plural verb ending.
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What are /k,g/ replaced by in the speech of older Acadians?
/k,g/ are replaced by the affricates [tʃ, dʒ] e.g. tchurieux.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are SF /n,k,g/ sometimes realised in Canadian French?
Back
Palatalised to [nj, kj, gj]. Not necessarily realised this way by all speakers of Canadian French.
Card 3
Front
What are /ʃ,ʒ/ aspirated to?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens to final consonants in Canadian French?
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