Finite resource / Found in rocks which formed over many years from dead organic matter / Formed with high pressure, high temperatures and no oxygen
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What is a Hydrocarbon -
A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon / Crude oil is made of different chains of hydrocarbons
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How is crude oil separated -
Fractional distillation is used to split crude oil into different chain length hydrocarbons / Long chains have higher boiling and melting points / The main hydrocarbon in crude oil is Alkanes
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Alkanes -
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons found with many chain lengths / They are bonded by single covalent bonds / C n H 2n+2 / End in -ane / Fairly unreactive
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Chemistry numbers -
Meth - Eth - Prop - But - Pent - Hex - Hept - Oct - Non - Dec
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Small Chain Hydrocarbons -
More useful / Low Boiling Point / High Flammability / High Volatility / Low Viscosity
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Long Chain Hydrocarbons -
Less useful / High Boiling Points / Low Flammability (Smoky flame) / Low Volatility / High Viscosity
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Volatility -
Tendency to turn into a gas
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Fractional Distillation -
Vapourised crude oil pumped into column / Residue collects at bottom - Diesel for engines - Kerosine used as aircraft fuel - Petrol for cars - Refinery used as fuel
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Complete combustion -
When there is enough available oxygen for combustion making the combustion more efficient / Produces carbon dioxide and water
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Incomplete combustion -
When there is too little oxygen for combustion making the combustion inefficient / This produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (toxic and odourless) , Carbon soot and water
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Cracking -
A process to turn long chain hydrocarbons into smaller chains and an alkene / Uses heat and a catalyst to crack the alkane and collect it with a delivery tube and test tube
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Alkenes -
Have a C=C double bond / Unsaturated / C n H 2n / Used in industry
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Why do we use Cracking -
Smaller chain hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels / There is a higher demand for fuel than for long chain hydrocarbons
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Safety During Cracking -
Always heat the catalyst / When the process is done, continue to heat the test tube to prevent suckback causing the test tube to explode
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A compound made of only hydrogen and carbon / Crude oil is made of different chains of hydrocarbons
Back
What is a Hydrocarbon -
Card 3
Front
Fractional distillation is used to split crude oil into different chain length hydrocarbons / Long chains have higher boiling and melting points / The main hydrocarbon in crude oil is Alkanes
Back
Card 4
Front
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons found with many chain lengths / They are bonded by single covalent bonds / C n H 2n+2 / End in -ane / Fairly unreactive
Back
Card 5
Front
Meth - Eth - Prop - But - Pent - Hex - Hept - Oct - Non - Dec
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