C8: Rates Of Reaction.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 28-12-17 01:38
What does the rate of reaction measure?
The speed of the reaction.
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How do you quickly measure the rate of reaction?
By measuring how quickly the reactants are used up as they make products.
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How do you quickly measure the rate of reaction?
By measuring how fast the products are made.
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How do you quickly measure the rate of reaction?
By measuring the mass of the reaction mixture.
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How do you quickly measure the rate of reaction?
By regularly measuring the mass of the substance at given and equal intervals.
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How do you figure out the the rate of reaction from a graph?
From the gradient.
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What does a steeper graph gradient show?
A faster rate of reaction.
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What results are needed for a graph to be constructed for a rate of reaction?
By measuring the mass of gas released or the volume of gas produced at given intervals.
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What is the equation for the mean rate of reaction?
The quantity of reactant (or product) used/The time taken.
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What does the collision theory of atoms state?
That reactions only occur if particles collide.
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What id activation energy (Ea?)
The minimum amount of energy required for a successful collision for a reaction to take place.
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How can you increase the rate of reaction?
By increasing the frequency of reacting particles colliding with one-another.
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How can you increase the rate of reaction?
By increasing the Ea.
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What increases the rate of a reaction?
By increasing the surface area.
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Why does increasing the surface area increase the rate of reaction?
As there is more space for the reaction to occur on and there may be more collisions in the same time.
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What increases the rate of a reaction?
By increasing the temperature.
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Why does increasing the temperature, increase the rate of reaction?
As the particles collide more often and with more energy and each of these causes one-another.
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What will a rise of 10 degrees celsius do to the reaction?
Double the rate of most reactions.
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What increases the rate of a reaction?
Increasing the concentration of the reactants in a solution.
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Why does this happen?
As there are more particles of the reactants moving around in the same volume of solution and there will therefore be more successful collisions.
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Is this the same concept for the pressure of a gas?
Yes.
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What does a catalyst do?
It changes the rate of reaction.
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Why can a catalyst be used repeatedly?
As it is not used up in a reaction and it is not changed chemically, each of these causes one-another.
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How do catalyst speed up the rate of a reaction?
it gives the products an alternative reaction pathway, that has a lower Ea, meaning a higher proportion of particles have the Ea to collide and react with one-another.
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How does a catalyst make a reaction more economical to industries using chemical reaction to produce products on al large scale?
They reduce the time and energy needed for a reaction to take place, which also helps the environment too.
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What is a reversible reaction.
A reaction that the products can react together to make the original reactants again.
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What is produced when ammonium chloride is heated and decomposed?
Ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas.
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What is the balanced symbol equation- with state symbols- for the thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride?
NH(4)Cl(s)NH(3)(g)+HCl(g)
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In a reversible reaction what do the forward and reverse reaction involve , in terms of energy?
Equal but opposite energy transfers.
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The amount of energy released by the exothermic reaction_______the amount taken in by the endothermic reaction.
Exactly equals.
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When blue hydrated copper(II) sulphate crystals are heated what is the reaction?
Endothermic.
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When water is added to anhydrous copper(II) sulphate, hydrated copper(II) sulphate is formed? What typeof reaction is this?
Exothermic.
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What can't escape in a closed system?
Reactants and products.
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For a reversible reaction in a closed system, when is equilibrium reached?
When the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
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At equilibrium, both reactions continue to happen, but what remains constant?
The amounts of the reactants and products remain constant.
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How can you easily change the relative amounts of reactants and products in a reacting mixture at equalibrium?
By changing the conditions of the reaction.
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What is Le Châtelier's Principle?
It states that whenever you change the conditions in a system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium shifts to cancel out the change. This applies only to concentration, pressure and/or temperature.
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What happens when you alter the conditions of a system that is at equilibrium?
The position will then shift as if to attempt to cancel out the alteration.
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For a reversible reaction- that has a different number of molecules of gases on one side of the balanced equation than the other- will the position of equilibrium be affected by pressure?
Yes, it will affect the position of the equilibrium.
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Complete the sentence: When the position of equilibrium is changed-by pressure- the position of the equilibrium will shift to try to reduce the pressure (favouring the reaction that produces ______ molecules of _____) ?
1) Fewer. 2) Gas
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If the forwards reaction produces more molecules of gas (than the reverse reaction) what will an increase in pressure do to the products?
It will decrease the amount of them formed.
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If the forwards reaction produces more molecules of gas (than the reverse reaction) what will a decrease in pressure do to the products?
It will increase the amount of them formed.
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If the forwards reaction produces fewer molecules of gas (than the reverse reaction) what will an increase in pressure do to the products?
It will increase the amount of them formed.
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If the forwards reaction produces fewer molecules of gas (than the reverse reaction) what will a decrease in pressure do to the products?
It will decrease the amount of them formed.
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What type of reaction does increasing the temperature favour, in a reversible reaction?
The endothermic reaction; the equilibrium shifts to higher the temperature, by taking energy.
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If the forwards reaction is exothermic then an increase in temperature will do what to the products formed?
Decrease the amount of them.
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If the forwards reaction is exothermic then what will a decrease in temperature will do what to the products formed?
Increase the amount of them.
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If the forwards reaction is endothermic then what will an increase in temperature will do what to the products formed?
Increase the amount of them.
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If the forwards reaction is endothermic then what will a decrease in temperature will do what to the products formed?
Decrease the amount of them.
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