C7 5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? ChemistryOrganic and Green ChemistryGCSEAQA Created by: Mr DaviesCreated on: 22-03-19 16:37 How is crude oil formed? Formed over millions of years from the remains of sea creatures buried in mud at the bottom of oceans. 1 of 22 What types of hydrocarbons are found in the top fractions during the fractional distillation of crude oil and why? Small (chain) molecules. These have lower boiling points. 2 of 22 Name three fuels obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Petrol (vehcles), Deisel (diesel for cars and lorries), Kerosene (jet fuel) 3 of 22 What is a homologous series? A family of compounds with the same functional group, general formula and similar chemical properties 4 of 22 What are alkanes? Homogolous series of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2 5 of 22 What is cracking? The thermal decomposition of long alkenes into shorter alkanes and alkenes. 6 of 22 What are alkenes? Homogolous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n 7 of 22 What is a functional group? The atom/group of atoms responsible for most the chemical reactions within a compound 8 of 22 Addition Reaction A reaction where C=C bonds with other atoms to form a saturated molecule. Eg. alkene + halogen 9 of 22 What happens in the hydrogenation of an alkene? Hydrogen added to an alkene, forming an alkane 10 of 22 What happens in the hydration of an alkene. Water added to an alkene to form an alcohol. 11 of 22 What are alcohols? Homogolous series of compounds with the functional group -OH 12 of 22 How can ethanol be made? 1) Fermentation of sugars with yeast 2) Hydrogenation of ethene. 13 of 22 What happens in the mild oxegenation of an alcohol? Alcohols left standing in air will partially oxidise to form carboxylic acids. 14 of 22 What are carboxylic acids? Homogolous series of compounds with the functional group -COOH 15 of 22 What happens if you react a carboxylic acid with an alcohol? You will form an ester (-COO-) and water. Eg. ethanoic acid + ethanol --> ethyl ethanoate + water 16 of 22 What happens if you react a carboxylic acid with a carbonate? Fizzing to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is slow since carboxylic acids are weak acids. 17 of 22 What happens in addition polymerisation? Many small molecules join together to make a long chain molecule. Eg. molecules with C=C: the double bond opens up. 18 of 22 What is condensation polymerisation? A reaction where monomers with TWO functional groups join together to make a polymer and water. 19 of 22 What is a polyester? Condensation polymer with two carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups. OR with one carboxylic acid (-COOH) and one alcohol (-OH) functional group. 20 of 22 What is a polyamide? Condensation polymer with two carboxylic acid (-COOH) and two amine (-NH2) functional group. This can also happen with one of each. 21 of 22 What is an amino acid? Molecules with a carboxylic acid (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional group. 22 of 22
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