C6

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  • Created by: zoe
  • Created on: 07-01-14 18:21
The processes in which raw materials are made into useful products is called...
Chemical synthesis
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Bulk chemicals are made on a...
large scale
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Fine chemicals are used on a...
small scale
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The acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution is measured by...
the pH scale
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Acids have a pH less than...
7
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You can detect an acid or alkali using...
litmus paper
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What do acidic compounds produce when they are dissolved in water?
Aqueous hydrogen ions
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What do alkali compounds produce when they are dissolved in water?
aqueous hydroxide ions
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acid + base ---->
salt + water
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When you mix an acid and alkali it causes a...
neutralisation reaction
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H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ----------->
H2O (I)
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What type of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?
chloride salts
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What type of salt does sulfuric acid produce?
sulfate salts
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What type of salt does nitric acid produce?
nitrate salts
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What changes release energy usually as heat because the products have less energy than the reactants did?
Exothermic
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What changes are less common than exothermic changes and take in energy so usually feel cold to touch. this means the products have more energy than the reactants did?
Endothermic
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Why can exothermic reactions sometimes be dangerous?
because they can reach very high temperatures if they are'nt adequately controlled
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Endothermic reactions in industry are difficult because?
they can take a lot of energy to make them happen
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Actual yield / Theoretical yield x 100 =
Percentage yield
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Starting materials are called?
reactants
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New substances are called?
products
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What is the actual yield?
the actual amount of product made
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What is the theoretical yield?
the amount of product you would expect to get if the reaction goes to completion
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What is step 1 in chemical synthesis?
establish the reaction or series of reactions that are needed to make the product
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What is step 2 in chemical synthesis?
carry out a risk assessment and work out the reactant quantities
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What is step 3 in chemical synthesis?
carry out the reaction
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What is step 4 in chemical synthesis?
separate the product from the reaction mixture
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What is step 5 in chemical synthesis?
Purify the product
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What is step 6 in chemical synthesis?
Weigh the mass and calculate the percentage yield
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What is step 7 in chemical synthesis?
check the yield and purity by titration
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What shows the mass of one atom in comparison to the mass of other atoms?
relative atomic mass
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In a compound the relative atomic mass of all its elements added together is called?
The relative formula mass
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Why is it important to know the purity of a product?
impurities can be dangerous
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What can be used to calculate the concentration of an acid by finding out how much alkali is needed to neutralise it?
Titration
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Actual mass of pure substance / Mass of impure substance x 100 =
Percentage Purity
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What is the rate of a chemical reaction?
the amount of products given in a unit of time
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What three ways can be used to find the rate of reaction?
weighing the reaction mixture, measuring the volume of gas produced, observing the formation of precipitate
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What four factors can speed up the rate of reaction?
Temperature, Concentration, Surface area, Catalyst
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What is the collision theory?
Particles must collide to react with each other
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What is the activation theory?
particles must have enough energy to react with each other
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What lowers the amount of energy needed for a successful collision?
a catalyst
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On a reaction graph the steeper the line the what?
faster the reaction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Bulk chemicals are made on a...

Back

large scale

Card 3

Front

Fine chemicals are used on a...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution is measured by...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Acids have a pH less than...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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Comments

lisa linsdell

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A large set of flip cards for this topic, Lots that revise the steps in chemical synthesis, key words and phrases.

davetheravemicrowave

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lisa ur everywhere luv

MCFrazzleDazzle

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love that from you davetheravemicrowave

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