C4
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- Created by: zoe
- Created on: 10-03-14 16:32
What do all the atoms of an element have the same number of?
Protons
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What are different elements arranged in order of on the periodic table?
Increasing proton number
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What is the number of protons the same as?
The number of electrons
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What is a vertical column on the periodic table called?
Group
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What is a horizontal column on the periodic table called?
Period
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What does the group number of an element refer to?
The number of electrons in their outer shell
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What does the period number of an element refer to?
How many shells an atom of that element has
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What is the nucleus of an atom made up of?
Protons and neutrons
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How are the electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom arranged?
In shells
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What does the light emitted from the flame of an element produce?
A characteristic line spectrum
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What is the method of testing element flames called?
Spectroscopy
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What does the electron configuration of an atom show?
How the electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus
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What shell is filled up by electrons first and why?
Closest to the nucleus as it has the lowest energy
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How many electrons can the first shell hold?
Two
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How many electrons can the second shell onwards hold?
8
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Why is the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction always equal to the total mass of the reactants?
No atoms are lost or made
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What are the six metals in group 1 called?
Alkali metals
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What happens to the alkali metals as you go down the group?
Have a higher reactivity, have lower melting and boiling points, have a higher density
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How many electrons do all alkali metals have on their outer shell?
One
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Why do alkali metals become more reactive as you go down the group?
The outer shell gets further away from the nucleus so the outer electron is lost more easily
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What can alkali metals form when they react?
Compounds
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What do alkali metals create when they react with chlorine?
Salt
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What do alkali metals create when they react with water?
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
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What is chlorine at room temperature?
A green gas
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What is bromine at room temperature?
A brown liquid
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What is iodine at room temperature?
A dark purple/grey solid
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What do all halogens consist of?
Diatomic particles
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What is meant by diatomic particles?
They only exist in pairs of atoms
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What happens to halogens as you go down the group?
Lower reactivity, higher melting and boiling point, higher density
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When halogens react with alkali metals what do they produce?
Halides
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How many electrons do all halogens have in their outer shell?
Seven
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Why do halogens become less reactive as you go down the group?
The outer shell gets further from the nucleus so an electron is less easily gained
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What will a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen?
Displace it
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What do alkali metal and halogen reactions form?
Ionic compounds
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Are halogen reactions with alkali metals highly endothermic or highly exothermic?
Exothermic
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What can alkali metal and halogen compounds do when they're molten or dissolved in water?
Conduct electricity
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What are halogen and alkali metal compounds made up of?
Ions
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What are ions?
Atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons
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What do ions have because the number of protons and electrons is no longer equal?
An overall charge
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What do atoms that lose electrons in ionic bonding become?
Positively charged ions
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What do atoms that gain electrons in ionic bonding become?
Negatively charged ions
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What does ionic binding occur between?
A metal and a non metal
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What are compounds of group one and seven elements called?
Ionic compounds (salts)
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Why do ionic compounds form crystals?
Because the ions are arranged into a regular lattice
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are different elements arranged in order of on the periodic table?
Back
Increasing proton number
Card 3
Front
What is the number of protons the same as?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a vertical column on the periodic table called?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is a horizontal column on the periodic table called?
Back
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