C3 Chemicals in our lives

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  • Created by: Maddi
  • Created on: 06-05-14 21:13
What make tectonic plates move?
Convection currents under the plates make them move.
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What formed Peak District limestone?
Sedimentation and compression formed Peak District limestone when remains of dead sea animals fell to the bottom of warm seas near the equator.
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What formed sandstone?
Erosion of rocks by rivers formed sand, which was deposited in layers to form sandstone.
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What formed rock salt?
Evaporation formes rock salt when a sea moved inland, and its water evaporated.
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How was coal formed?
Mountain building pushed coal towards the surface in the Peak District. The coal formed when tree ferns in swamps died, and were compressed and heated.
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What do we use sodium chloride for?
Food, to treat icy roads, and as a source of chemicals.
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Why do countries with hot, dry climates get lots of salt from the sea?
Energy costs are lower.
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What is rock salt?
Rock salt is a mixture of salt and clay.
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What is rock salt used for?
Rock salt is used for de-icing roads.
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How is salt obtained in Britain?
Salt is obtained by solution mining.
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What is solution mining?
In solution mining, water is pumped into rock salt. Salt dissolves in the water underground. The salt solution is then pumped to the surface, and solid salt is extracted from the solution.
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What was a problem with solution mining and what was the solution?
Solution mining made huge underground holes which caused subsidence and building fell into the holes. Now, miners leave pillars in mines to prevent this problem.
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What are the risks of eating too much salt?
Too much salt increases your blood pressure which increases your risk of having a stroke and heat attack.
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What do alkalis form when they react with acids?
Salts
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What do soluble hydroxides form when they react with acids?
Salt + Water
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What do soluble carbonates form when they react with acids?
Salt, Water and Carbon Dioxide.
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What is chlorine used as?
Bleach, and to whiten paper and textiles. Also to kill microorganisms in water.
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What is an advantage of using chlorine to treat water?
Adding chlorine to water leads to fewer deaths from waterborne diseases.
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What is a disadvantage of using chlorine to treat water?
When chlorine reacts with organic matter, trihalomethanes may form. So people link that drinking this water can cause cancer.
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Why are some synthetic chemical banned?
They do not break down in the environment, they move long distancesin the air and water and they build up fatty tissues of animals and humans.
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What is a life-cycle assessment used for?
We use LCAs to analyse the stages of life of a product.
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Today what is chlorine made from?
Chlorine is made from sodium chloride solution (brine).
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During the industrial revolution, when there was a shortage of alkalis, how did scientists make alkalis on a large scale?
The raw materials were salt (sodium chloride), limestone (calcium carbonate) and coal.
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What was wrong with the process that produced alkalis on a large scale?
The process made huge amounts of pollutants: including, acidic hydrogen chloride gas and solid waste, which emitted toxic, smelly hydrogen sulphide gas.
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What did Henry Deacon do to reduce the amount of pollutants polluting the atmosphere from the process that was used to create more alkalis?
Deacon worked out how to use one of the pollutants, hydrogen chloride, to make a useful product, chlorine (by adding oxygen).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What formed Peak District limestone?

Back

Sedimentation and compression formed Peak District limestone when remains of dead sea animals fell to the bottom of warm seas near the equator.

Card 3

Front

What formed sandstone?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What formed rock salt?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How was coal formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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