C3

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  • Created by: Emma
  • Created on: 24-02-13 20:33
what is the limiting reactant?
the reactant not in excess that gets used up by the end of the reaction
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the amount of product formed in a reaction is directly proportional to what?
the amount of limiting reactant used.
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when do reactions occur?
when particles collide together.
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the higher the number of collisions the....
the faster the reaction.
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how can the rate of reaction be increased?
by increasing the concentration, pressure or temperature. Temp - particles gain more kinetic energy so more successful collisions. Pressure - forces particles closer together. concentration - number of collisions per second increases.
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For a successful collision to occur...
........each particle must have enough energy to react.
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how do you know when a reaction has finished on a graph or table?
Graph - line will be horizontal, table - numbers stop changing
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how can you compare the rate of reaction on a table or graph?
graph - steeper the line the faster the reaction, table - the larger the change between readings the faster the reaction.
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what can combustible powders cause?
EXPLOSIONS
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what does a powdered reactant have?
a much alrger surface area than that of a reactant in a block form.
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how do you find the relative formula mass of an equation?
1) work out the atomic masses of the elements 2) work out masses inside brackets first 3)multiply by number outside bracket 4) work out the remaining elements 5) add them together to find relative formula mass
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Total mass of reactants = ...
total mass of products (conservation of mass)
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how do you predict the yield of a reaction?
1) balanced symbol equation 2) find atomic masses and work them out 3) add the units (g) 4)divide to find mass needed for 1g 5) multiply up to the amaount of product needed
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how do you calculate percentage yield?
actual yield divided by predicted yield times 100
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how do you calculate atom economy?
Mr of desired products divided by sum of Mr of all products times 100
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what is bond breaking?
ENDothermic
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what is bond making?
EXOthermic
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is more energy is released than needed the reaction is...?
EXOthermic
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if more energy is needed than released the reaction is...?
ENDothermic
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Energy transferred (in J) = ..
mass times specific heat capacity times temperature change
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Energy per gram = ...
energy released divided by mass of fuel burnt
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continuous process makes what?
large amounts of a product.
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Batch process makes what?
a fixed amount of a product that can be stored until needed.
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what are allotropes?
different structures of the same element.
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describe the structure of a diamond
strong covelant bonds, absence of free electrons so nor a conductor.
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describe the structure of graphite
strong covelant bonds, delocalised electrons so good conductor, when force applied weak forces mean that the layers slide over eachother
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If there are no free electrons..
the substance will not conduct.
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if the bonds are formed in different directions...
the substance is hard.
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If the compounds have very strong fixed bonds..
the structure will have a high melting point.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the amount of product formed in a reaction is directly proportional to what?

Back

the amount of limiting reactant used.

Card 3

Front

when do reactions occur?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

the higher the number of collisions the....

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how can the rate of reaction be increased?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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