Electrolytes are ionic substances in their molten state or dissolved in water.
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How to ions move during electrolysis?
Positively charged cations move to the negative electrode. Negatively charged anions move to the positively charged anode.
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What happens to electrons during oxidation/reduction.
Electrons can be lost in oxidation and gained in reduction.
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Where do these processes happen during electrolysis?
Reduction occurs at the cathode, Oxidation occurs at the anode.
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Half equations
Half equations show the change at just one of the electrodes.
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Manufacture of sodium by electrolysis
During electrolysis, sodium chloride ions are attracted to the cathode where the gain electrons and become sodium atoms. Sodium metal and chlorine are produced.
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Uses of Sodium?
In street lamps - gives out a yellow light when a current is passed through it, and as a coolant in nuclear reactors. Has high thermal conductivity and transfers heat from reactor to water, turns to steam which drives the generators.
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Electrolysis of copper
(what we did in class)
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Electroplating metal objects
Silver or Gold plating makes objects look more expensive. It also stops corrosion and rusting etc.
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How much volume does one mole of any gas occupy at room temp?
24dm3. This is known as the molar volume of gas.
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What are nitrogenous fertilisers made from?
Ammonia. These promote plant growth.
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Downsides to fertilisers?
Eutrophication.
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Reversible reactions and the Haber process
Chemical reactions are reversible. The Haber process uses a reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia.
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
Dynamic equilibrium is when the forward and backward reactions are occurring at the same rate.
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What affects the position of a dynamic equilibrium?
Temperature (exothermic and endothermic reactions) and pressure (if any gases are involved).
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Why is a catalyst used?
To increase rate of reaction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How to ions move during electrolysis?
Back
Positively charged cations move to the negative electrode. Negatively charged anions move to the positively charged anode.
Card 3
Front
What happens to electrons during oxidation/reduction.
Back
Card 4
Front
Where do these processes happen during electrolysis?
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