Name two types of igneous rock and the volcanic eruptions associated with them?
Iron-rich basalt - 'runny' lava which isn't explosive. Silica-rich rhyolite - thick lava with violent and explosive eruptions
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What happens to the size of crystals formed in igneous rock when the time taken for it to cool increases?
They become larger the longer it takes to cool
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How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Layers of sediment are compressed by layers above and the pressure forces any liquid out however this deposits natural mineral cement
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What stays the same during the (trans)formation of metamorphic rocks?
The chemical composition, while texture and mineral structure does change
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What 3 chemicals are heated to make glass?
calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate
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What 3 things are added together to make concrete?
Sand, aggregate and water
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What does PANIC stand for?
Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode
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What does OILRIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons) Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)
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What type of redox reaction occurs at the andoe?
Oxidation
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What type of redox reaction occurs at the cathode?
Reduction
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Define what an alloy is?
A mixture of two or more different metals OR a mixature of metals and non-metals
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What are smart alloys?
Nitinol - a family of alloys made of nickel and titanium which have shape memory
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Word equation for rusting of iron?
Iron + Oxygen + Water --> Hydrated Iron(iii) Oxide
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What happens to aluminium in air to prevent rusting?
It reacts very quickly to form aluminium oxide, which then protects the underlaying aluminium
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2 advantages of alumium car bodies?
Lower density so better fuel economy and it corrodes less
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1 disadvantage of aluminium car bodies?
It's expensive
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What decides the pH of an acid?
The number of H+ ions formed in water
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What do alkalis produce in water?
OH- ions
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What is the word equation for neutralisation?
acid + base --> salt + water
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What are the product of an acid and metal oxide or hydroxide reacting?
A Salt + Water
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What are the product of an acid and carbonate reacting?
A salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
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What is the product of an acid and ammonia reacting?
Ammonium salt
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What are the 3 essential elements of a fertiliser?
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
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How to you make a fertiliser?
By neutralising ammonia with an acid
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What is an example of a good fertiliser?
Ammonium nitrate
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What is Eutrophication?
Fertilisers increase nutrients in water supply which causes an algae bloom, which blocks light so plants below can't photosynthesis and they die. Then when the algae die decomposers use the oxygen to decompose killing any other organisms.
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What is the mass of product you end up with called?
The yield
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What is the symbol equation for the haber process?
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
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What are the industrial conditions for the haber process?
200 atmospheres, 450°C and iron as a catalyst
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Name 5 factors which effect production cost
Price of energy, cost of raw materials, labour cost, cost of equipment and rate of production
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Name two methods of mining salt
Drilled and blasted or solution mining
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What 3 products come for the electrolysis of brine?
Hydrogen gas (cathode, reduction), Chlorine gas (anode, oxidation) and sodium hydroxide (formed from left over ions)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Solids only
Back
what medium(s) can S-waves travel through?
Card 3
Front
... solids and liquids
Back
Card 4
Front
Iron-rich basalt - 'runny' lava which isn't explosive. Silica-rich rhyolite - thick lava with violent and explosive eruptions
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