C2 Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts Acids and bases. 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryAcids, bases and saltsGCSEAQA Created by: ColdAsteroidCreated on: 14-12-15 17:53 State the ion released by acids when dissolved in water H+ Hydrogen 1 of 38 Describe what is meant by a base Bases are metal oxides and hydroxides and above pH7 2 of 38 State 3 acids. HCl - Hydrochloric acid H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid HNO3 - Nitric acid 3 of 38 What is an alkali? Bases that dissolve in water. (metals and hydroxides) 4 of 38 Give one example of a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide CuO - Copper Oxide Mg(OH)2 5 of 38 What ion does an alkali release when dissolved in water? OH- Hydroxide 6 of 38 Give the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. (Hydrogen and Hydroxide) H+ + OH- -->H2O 7 of 38 Give a pH indicator Universal Indicator 8 of 38 State what is meant by "soluble salt" They contain metal and non-metal part and dissolve in water. 9 of 38 How do you make a soluble salt from metal? Acid+metal --> Salt+hydrogen 10 of 38 Give a suitable example of a salt. eg/ LiNO3 11 of 38 Give the equation of the reactants: hydrochloric acid and zinc 2HCL(aq)+Zn(s) -->ZnCl2(aq) +H2(g) 12 of 38 Give the equation of the reactants: sulfuric acid and copper H2SO4(aq)+Cu(s) --> CuSO4(aq)+H2(g) 13 of 38 Give the equation of the reactants: nitric acid and silver 2HNO3(aq)+2Ag(s)-->2AgNO3(aq)+H2(g) 14 of 38 How do we know when this reaction has finished? Acid=All reacted>More metal=No reaction>Reaction=Finished 15 of 38 How do we get the salt? Filter unreacted metal>Evaporate water>Collect salt crystals 16 of 38 Give 2 problems of this reaction. Some metals=very reactive(potassium). Explosive with acid. 17 of 38 Describe how to make soluble salts by reacting acids with bases. Acid+Base ---> Salt+Water 18 of 38 Give an example of an insoluble base. CuO, Mg(OH)2... (s) 19 of 38 Give the equation of the reactants H2SO4 and CuO. H2SO4(aq)+CuO(s) ---> CuSO4(aq)+H2O(l) 20 of 38 How can we tell when this reaction has finished? All reacted->Add more base=No reaction, Filtration for solid. 21 of 38 What type of reaction is an acid+insoluble base? Neutralisation. 22 of 38 Describe how to make a soluble salt by reacting a an acid with an alkali. Acid+Alkali-->Salt+Water 23 of 38 What are bases and what are alkalis? Bases=Metal oxides/hydroxides, alkalis=metal hydroxide bases(aq) 24 of 38 Give the equation of the reactants hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)-->NaCl(aq)+H2O(l) 25 of 38 How do we carry out the experiment? Measure Alkali with U.indicator>Measure acid;burette>Repeat 26 of 38 How can we tell the reaction has finished? pH indicator=>Reaction finished when pH7 (neutral) 27 of 38 Why do we repeat without the pH indicator in? The indicator contaminates the product. 28 of 38 How can we collect the crystals of the salt? Evaporate the water to crystalise the salt. 29 of 38 How is ammonium hydroxide produced?(give the equation) Dissolve ammonia(g) in water. NH3+H2O->NH4OH(aq) 30 of 38 From the ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid, what can we therefore go on to make? (give the equation) Ammonium nitrate;NH4OH(aq)+HNO3(aq)->NH4NO3(aq)+H2O 31 of 38 What is ammonium nitrate used for? Fertiliser 32 of 38 State which solutions can be used mixed together to make an insoluble salt. Mix together two soluble salts (in solution) 33 of 38 State what is meant by a precipitate. A solid which is formed when two solutions are mixed. 34 of 38 How can you separate the precipitate from the other product? Filtration 35 of 38 The precipitate can often be impure from the other product. How can you make sure it is pure? Wash it with distilled water. 36 of 38 Fill in the gaps. Lead...solution+Sodium...solution->Lead iodide precipitate+Sodium nitrate solution Lead [nitrate] solution + Sodium [iodide] solution (Switch NMs.) 37 of 38 What can we use precipitation reactions for? Remove unwanted ions from the drinking water/sewage. 38 of 38
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