Name a material that is made from atoms of one element only.
Coal - it's made from just carbon.
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What is an advantage of using synthetic rubber over natural rubber?
You can adapt the formula so that the rubber suits your needs (e.g. it's more flexible or stronger)
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What's the difference between strength and stiffness?
Strength is how easy it is to break the material. Stiffness is how easy it is to bend.
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What's the hardest material found in nature?
Diamond.
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Give a definition of density.
A material's mass per unit volume (e.g. g/cm³)
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What does crude oil contain?
A mixture of hydrocarbons of different chain lengths.
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What are the two important types of bonds in hydrocarbons?
Strong covalent bonds which occur between the carbon and hydrogens within each hydrocarbon molecule. Intermolecular bonds of attraction between different hydrocarbon molecules in the mixture.
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Why do big hydrocarbon molecules have higher boiling points than small ones?
Intermolecular forces break more easily in small molecules than they do in bigger ones because the IM forces of attraction are stronger between big molecules than they are in smaller molecules.
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What happens when crude oil is refined?
It's separated through fractional distillation - hydrocarbons are separated into groups of similar boiling points (similar bp = similar length)
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Name five useful products of crude oil.
petrol, diesel, kerosene, refinery gas and bitumen
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What are most hydrocarbons in crude oil used to produce?
Fuel
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Describe what happens during polymerisation.
Loads of small molecules called monomers link together to make a long molecule called a polymer. They're usually carbon-based.
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Give an example of a product where a polymer has replaced a natural material.
Nylon has replaced silk, cotton or wool.
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How does the arrangement of polymer chains affect the density of a material?
If the polymer chains are packed closely together, the material will have a high density whereas if they're spread out, the material will have a low density.
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What would you add to a polymer to make it stiffer and stronger?
Adding cross-linking agents bonds the polymer chains together making the polymer stronger, stiffer and more heat resistant.
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How do plasticisers work?
Plasticisers can be added to make a polymer more soft and easier to shape. They work by getting in between the polymer chains and reducing the forces between them
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What are the properties of a crystalline polymer?
A crystalline polymer has straight chains with no branches so the chains can fit closely together. They have a higher density, are stronger and have a higher melting point.
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What is nanotechnology?
Technology dealing with the making and use of nanoparticles (really tiny particles)
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Give two examples of uses of nano-materials.
They're added to sport equipment (e.g. tennis rackets) to make them stronger and more durable without affecting the weight. Silver nanoparticles can be added to polymer fibres used to make wound dressings (e.g.) to give them antibacterial properties.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an advantage of using synthetic rubber over natural rubber?
Back
You can adapt the formula so that the rubber suits your needs (e.g. it's more flexible or stronger)
Card 3
Front
What's the difference between strength and stiffness?
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