C1 Products from oil

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  • Created by: KAustria
  • Created on: 08-06-14 15:00
How are large hydrocarbon molecule broken down?
They are broken down into smaller molecules by cracking.
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What are the two ways cracking can be done?
1. Heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a very high temperature. 2. Passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst
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What are alkanes?
Smaller hydrocarbon molecules which are saturated. They are useful as fuels
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Aside form alkanes. What other hydrocarbon molecule can be formed from cracking?
Alkenes- Small molecules which are unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes.
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Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
This is because they have a double bond between two carbon atoms.
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What happens when alkene reacts with bromine water?
It turns bromine water from orange to colourless.
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What are plastic made out of?
Very large molecules called polymers
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What are the small molecules used to make polymers called?
Monomers
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What is the reaction called to make polymers?
Polymerisation
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Describe the process of poymerisation?
The double bonds in each alkene molecule becomes a single bond and thousands of alkene molecules join together to make long chains.
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How many monomers are there in a poly(ethene) molecule?
Thousands or a very large number
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Why can we make polymers from alkenes but not form alkanes?
Alkenes have a double bond, are more reactive and are unsaturated. Alkanes, however, are unreactive, saturated or do not have a double bond.
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What can alkenes be used to make?
Plastics
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What things do material scientists design with the use of polymers?
Packaging, clothing and medical applications
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Name the ways in which polymers have been used in our everyday lives
1. dental fillings instead of mercury 2. Light-sensitive polymers - plasters 3. Hydrogels - trapping water for dressing wounds
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What is a shape memory polymer?
Polymers that change back to their original shape when temperature or conditions are changed.
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How can be fibres be made waterproof and breathable?
By coating them with polymers
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Give two medical uses and two-non medical uses for polymers
Med: 1. Dental fillings 2. Smart polymers - wounds 3. Hydrogel NonMed: 1. Textiles 2. Drinks bottle 3. Filking pillows and duvets
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Are polymers biodegradable?
No they are nonbiodegradable
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What are the problems of non-biodegradable polymers?
1. Waste is not broken down when left in the environment 3. Plastic rubbish can get everywhere- it is unsightly and can harm wildlife. 3. when deposited in landfill sites it can take up valuabale space.
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How would using biodegradable plastics help with the problems of plastic litter?
1. More biodegradable plastics are being used. Microgranisms can breakdown biodegradable plastics, which means plastics break down when they come in contact with the soil thus reducing plastic litter
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Describe the two ways that cornstarch can be used to help with problems of disposal of plastic waste.
1. Non biodegradable polymers can have cornstarch mixed into the plastic- microorganisms can break down cornstarch 2. Biodegradable plastics can be made form plant material (cornstarch)
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Why is recycling plastic difficult?
There are many different types of plastic and sorting is difficult.
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What us the formula for ethanol?
C2H6O or C2H5OH
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What is ethanol?
An alcohol
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How is ethanol made?
It can be made by the fermentation of sugar from plants using yeast. Enzymes in yeast cause the sugar to convert to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
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What is fermentation used for?
It used to make alcoholic drinks.
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What is the word equation for the fermentation of sugar using yeast?
Sugar/glucose ---> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
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Apart form fermentation, how else can ethanol be produced? Describe this process?
Hydration of ethene - Ethene is reacted with steam at a high temperature in the presence of a catalyst. The ethene is obtained form crude oil by cracking.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation?
Adv: 1. Uses renewable resources 2. Done at room temperature Dis: 1. Can only produce a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol2. Must use fractional distillation to give pure ethanol
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydration of ethene?
Adv: Reaction can run continuously and produce pure ethanol Dis: Ethene is a non-renewable resource 2. Needs to be done in very high temperatures.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the two ways cracking can be done?

Back

1. Heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a very high temperature. 2. Passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst

Card 3

Front

What are alkanes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Aside form alkanes. What other hydrocarbon molecule can be formed from cracking?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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