C14

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Finite resources -
Resources that will eventually be used up as they are exploited / Fossil Fuels
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Renewable resources -
Resources which can be replaced at the rate at which they are used up / Biofuels
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Fossil Fuels - Estimations as to when they will run out
Fossil fuels are finite / All estimations are only guesses based on limited information
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Potable water -
Water that is safe to drink
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Making Water potable - Process
Screening - removes solid particles / Sediment removed as sludge + sand filtration / Sterilisation using UV , Chlorine or ozone / Final checks to check pH
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Desalination -
Turning salt water into potable water
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Reverse Osmosis -
Using membranes to filter the salts in the water / A fairly expensive process
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Distillation -
Heating the water until it boils and condenses leaving potable water and salt separate / Requires a lot of energy to heat the water
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What is Malachite -
Copper ore
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Extracting Copper (Displacement)
Copper sulfate and scrap iron are used for a displacement reaction to produce iron sulfate and pure copper
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Extracting Copper (Smelting)
Copper ores are melted at high temperatures to produce impure copper / Impure copper is purified using osmosis
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Extracting Copper from Low Grade Ores - Bioleaching
Using Bacteria to feed on low grade ores to produce copper solutions which are used for electrolysis
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Extracting Copper from Low Grade Ores - Phytomining
Plants are used to absorb copper ions in the soil / Plants are burnt and copper rich ashes are used to collect pure copper
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What is an LCA -
A LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is an assessment on all of the environmental impacts of all stages in the life of a product
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4 Stages / Criteria -
Harvesting and processing Raw materials / Manufacturing / Using, Reusing and maintenance / Disposal or end of life
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Stages -
All materials and energy sources found / Environmental impacts are evaluated / Results are found and better methods are implemented
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Why are LCA's always different -
They often use estimates as accurate data can be hard to achieve meaning that final results always differ
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Aims of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle -
To prevent the excessive exploitation of finite resources / Reduce wasted energy / Reduce the waste produced
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Recycling Aluminium -
Aluminium is finite and widely used / It is good to recycle aluminium as it is 95% energy saving
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Recycling Steel -
Steel requires a lot of combustion pf fossil fuels to be produced / 50% energy saving
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Recycling Copper -
Copper is less recyclable as it is often in alloys or impure / This means it is harder to extract pure copper needed for wires etc
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Environmental Considerations -
Pollution / Uses more finite resources / Empty quarries destroy animal habitats / Noise + air pollution / Sulfides in ores contribute to acid rain
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Resources which can be replaced at the rate at which they are used up / Biofuels

Back

Renewable resources -

Card 3

Front

Fossil fuels are finite / All estimations are only guesses based on limited information

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Water that is safe to drink

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Screening - removes solid particles / Sediment removed as sludge + sand filtration / Sterilisation using UV , Chlorine or ozone / Final checks to check pH

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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