C1.3 Metals and Their Uses

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  • Created by: annanolan
  • Created on: 11-12-16 12:57
Where are metals generally found?
The Earth's crust
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Why do metals have to be chemically separated?
They are chemically joined to other metals
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What is an ore?
a metal combined with other elements to form a compound where there is enough metal for it to be economically viable
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What two things determine whether it is worth extracting a metal?
the amount of metal in the ore and how easy it is to extract the metal.
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Why are gold and silver found on their own?
They are unreactive
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how is copper ore extracted from rock?
Mined --> ground into powder --> mixed with water and chemical that makes copper repel water --> air bubbled through mixture --> copper floats on top
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What are the reactivity series?
Metals in order of reactivity
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True or false, the higher metal in the reactivity series replaces the lower from its compound?
True
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Which metals can be extracted using carbon?
The ones lower than carbon in the reactivity series
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how are metals lower than carbon extracted?
By heating the carbon and the metal oxide - chemical reduction
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How are metals higher than carbon extracted?
Electrolysis
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What does iron ore contain?
iron oxide
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What is iron extracted from its ore in?
A blast furnace
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What is the main impurity of iron?
Carbon
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What effect do impurities have on the metal?
makes it easy to break, hard and hard to compress
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Why isn't pure iron useful?
It's too soft
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How can the properties of iron be improved?
Making it into an alloy
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What is an alloy?
A metal that is mixed with other elements
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What is steel?
An alloy of iron and carbon
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Why is carbon steel so popular?
Cheap, malleable, not brittle
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What are the properties of low-carbon steel?
soft, easily shaped, less likely to break
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What are the properties of high-carbon steel?
very strong but brittle
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What are nickel-steel alloys used for?
Long-span bridges, bike chains
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What metals are added to iron in stainless steel?
Chromium and nickel
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What are the properties of stainless steel
Hard, strong, doesn't corrode
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What makes aluminium and titanium useful for aircraft?
strong, low density, doesn't corrode
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What makes aluminium ideal for electricity cables?
Good conductor of electricity, ductile
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How is aluminium non-corrosive?
The aluminium atoms react with oxygen and forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide on top
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how is aluminium extracted?
Electrolysis
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How does electrolysis work?
Electricity is passed through molten aluminium oxide to break it down
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Why isn't carbon used to extract titanium from its oxide?
The titanium produced is very brittle
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How is titanium extracted and why is this a problem?
By using a more reactive metal which has to be extracted by electrolysis
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Why is the extraction of titanium so expensive?
It has many steps
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Where is copper extracted from?
Copper rich ores
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How is copper extracted from its ore?
by using sulphuric acid to produce copper sulphate before extracting the copper OR smelting
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What is the problem with the decomposition of copper sulphide in air?
Produces sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain
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What charge are copper ions?
positive
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Why do scientists need to find new ways of extracting copper?
copper rich ores are running out
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What are the new methods of extracting copper?
bioleaching and phytomining
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What is a leachate?
A solution of copper ions produced by bacteria
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Properties of transition metals
conductors, strong, can be bent and are malleable
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Why is recycling aluminium better?
Saves around 95% more energy because electrolysis isn't used
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What is commonly combined with gold for jewellery?
copper
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What is the percentage purity of 12 carat gold?
50%
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What is the most commonly used metal?
steel
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What effect can rusting have on steel?
it affects its strength
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why do metals have to be chemically separated?

Back

They are chemically joined to other metals

Card 3

Front

What is an ore?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What two things determine whether it is worth extracting a metal?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why are gold and silver found on their own?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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