C13
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- Created by: sophielouise277
- Created on: 09-04-19 15:36
What did volcanoes release that created the early atmosphere?
CO2 , H2O, N2
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What did the water vapour do?
Condensed as Earth cooled and fell as rain
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How were oceans formed?
The water collected in hollows in the crust and the rock solidified
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What is another theory on how oceans were formed?
Comets rained down on surface then they melted
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What happened as the earth began to stabalise?
Atmosphere was mainly CO2, and some H2O,N2,CH4 + NH3. Small traces of O2
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What were the first organisms that appeared?
Ones similar to bacteria that used the breakdown of chemicals as a source of energy?
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What evolved next?
Algae which used energy from sun to make own food by photosynthesis
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What was produced due to this?
O2, so levels rose steady and bacteria and algae thrived in seas
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What happened next?
More and more plants evolved so carbon dioxide removed and oxygen produced
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What caused the first animal to be evolved?
The atmosphere rich in oxygen
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What happened to micro-organisms that couldn't tolerate high oxygen level?
Died out
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What happens to the carbon dioxide taken in during photosynthesis?
Can end up in plant material and animals eat plants this can go to animal tissue e.g. shells and skeletons
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These skeletons and shells built up at bottom of oceans, what next?
Became buried by layers of sediment and the pressure formed sedimentary carbon rocks e.g. limestone
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What happened to some of the remains of ancient living things?
Crushed by large scale movements and were heated within Earths Crust
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What did these form?
Fossil fuels,coal, crude oil + natural gas
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What is coal made out of?
Thick deposits of plant material
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What was crude oil + natural gas made out of?
Remains of plankton in muds on seabed
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How else was carbon stored?
Dissolved in water of oceans, it reacted with metal oxides and made insoluble carbonate compounds which fell as sediments
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What did ammonia and methane react with?
Oxygen which caused them to be removed
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What is the chemical equation for the reaction of methane with oxygen?
*
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What is the chemical equation for the reaction of ammonia with oxygen?
*
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What are the percentages for the atmosphere now?
Nitrogen78%, oxygen21%, argon0.9%,carbonD0.04%
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What are the main greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour
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How does the earths surace cool?
Emitting infrared radiation
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What do the greenhouse gases do?
Absorb the infrared radiation
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What does the radiation do to the gases?
Stimulates the bonds so they vibrate, bend + stretch more vigorously so temp increase
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How does methane get into the atmosphere?
Swamps, rice fields, grazing cattle, landfill sites
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How does carbon dioxide get into atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, temp raises so co2 less soluble in water
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What is evidence for climate change?
Ice cores,scientists can analyse trapped co2 `
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What are the consequences of rising levels of greenhouse gases?
Rising sea levels, more common extreme weather, changes in temp, distribution of wildlife
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What is a carbon footprint?
The total amount of co2 and other greenhouse gases emitted over full life cycle
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What is a solution?
Carbon capture + storage
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What is carbon capture + storage?
Pump co2 underground to be absorbed into porous rocks
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How could we reduce methane emissions?
If demand for beef was lower
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How are gov's taking action?
Carbon taxes on cars, research into renewable energy, biofuels, incentives to conserve energy, plant trees
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What are biofuels?
Made from plant material that absorbs co2 so when burnt they are carbon neutral
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/What will all of these reductions effect?
Cost implications in all manufacturing and transport industries
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How is sulphur dioxide formed?
Sulphur reacts w oxygen to form sulphur dioxide which can be acid rain which damages everything
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What must you do to the sulphur?
Remove it before fuel is burnt e.g. in coal fired power stations it can be removed by reacting it with calcium oxides
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What happens if there is not enough oxygen in an engine?
Incomplete combustion
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What is produced during complete combustion?
Carbon monoxide
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What happens to make nitrogen react with oxygen?
High temp in engine
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What does this create?
Nitrogen oxides which can also cause acid rain
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What are and when are particulates produced?
Carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons usually in burning of diesel
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What do particulates cause?
Global dimming, cancer
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did the water vapour do?
Back
Condensed as Earth cooled and fell as rain
Card 3
Front
How were oceans formed?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is another theory on how oceans were formed?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happened as the earth began to stabalise?
Back
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