C11, Polymers.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 30-04-18 21:12
How big are polymers?
Large.
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What are plastics made from?
Polymers.
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What are polymers made from?
Small molecules bonded together.
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What is the name given to the small molecules that polymers are made from?
Monomers.
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What is polymerisation?
The process of making a polymer.
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What polymer does propene form?
Poly(propene.)
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What polymer does ethene make?
Poly(ethene.)
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What is additon polymerisation?
When thousands of alkene molecules join together.
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In additon polymerisation what happens to the double covalent bond between the carbon atoms?
It opens up and forms single bonds between the various carbon atoms.
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What is a polymer chain?
A long chain of the connected (and unfolded) monomers.
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In terms of products, what is the the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation?
Addition polymerisation produces only one product, whilst condensation polymerisation forms two products.
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In condensation polymerisation what are the two products formed?
A polymer and a smaller molecule, which is often water.
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Name two condensation polymers.
Polyester and nylon.
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In terms of the reactants, what is the the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation?
In condensation polymerisation there are often two monmers, whilst in addition polymerisation there is only one monomer.
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In condensation polymerisation, what parts of the two monomers react together to form a polymer chain?
The functional groups.
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What is a doil?
An alcohol with two -OH groups.
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What is a dicarboxylic acid?
A carboxylic acid containing two -COOH groups.
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How do the monomers polymerise in condensation polymerisation?
By ester linkages.
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Complete the senctence: In condensation polymerisation, a __________ molecule is given off for every ester linkage?
Water.
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Name three examples of naturally ocurring polymers.
Starch, cellulose and proteins found in living things.
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What type of sugar is glucose and what does this mean?
A monosaccaride, which that it is made up of only one sugar unit.
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Give the formula of glucose.
C6H1206.
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What is the name given to polymers made from monosaccarides?
Polysaccharides.
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What two OTHER polymers can glucose monomers make and what is the by-product of both of these reactions?
Starch and cellulose polymers. The by-prodcuct is water.
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By what process are proteins formed?
Condensation polymerisation.
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What type of monomers are needed to form protein polymers and water?
Amino acid polymers.
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Name the two functional groups of amino acids and give thier formulas.
Basic amine group (-NH2.) The acidic carboxylic acid group (-COOH.)
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Name and give the formula of the simplest amino acid.
Glycine (H2NCH2COOH.)
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How is a polypeptide molecule formed? (2.)
When many glycine molecules link together in a condensation reaction.
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How many different amino acids join together in the body the make a sequence of proteins there?
20.
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What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
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What is DNA?
A natural ocurring polymer.
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What does DNA'S structure have in it?
Genetic code that allows living organisms and viruses to live and function.
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What monomers are used to create DNA?
Nucleotides.
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What type of polymerisation is used to create DNA?
Condensation polymerisation.
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What is DNA known as?
A polynucleotide.
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What is the by-product of the polymerisation of nucleotides?
Water.
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What is a double helix made from?
Two long polymer strands.
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How are the polymer strands (in a double helix) arranged?
They run in opposite directions to eachother.
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How many different nucleotides is DNA made from?
Four.
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What are the four different nucleotides that are used to form DNA? (2 types of nucleotide and one attachment.)
Amino acids attached to a suagr named deoxyribose and a phosphate group.
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How are the different strands of DNA held togehter? (2.)
By intermolecular forces of attraction down each polymer strand.
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Card 2

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What are plastics made from?

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Polymers.

Card 3

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What are polymers made from?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What is the name given to the small molecules that polymers are made from?

Back

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Card 5

Front

What is polymerisation?

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