C10, Organic Reactions.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 30-04-18 19:33
What do all alkenes have?
A carbon-carbon double bond.
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What is a functional group?
Something that says that a certain molecule is actually that molecule.
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What is a homologous series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group.
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What are alkenes and why are they this way?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have two less hydrogen atoms than alkanes.
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Give the general formula of alkenes.
CnH2n.
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Name the two products of the complete combustion of alkenes.
Carbon dioxide and water.
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What do alkenes tend to burn with, in comparison to alkanes and why is this?
With a smokier flame, due to incomplete combustion.
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What makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
The carbon-carbon double bond.
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By what reactions do alkenes react by?
Addition reactions.
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Why is it that in an addition reaction a carbon-carbon single bond is formed?
It is due to atoms being added across the carbon-carbon double bond.
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What does the reaction between ethene and bromine produce?
Dibromoethane.
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What do alkenes react with to form alkanes?
Hydrogen.
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What two conditions does the reaction between an alkene and hydrogen need?
A temperature of 60 degrees and with a nickel catalyst.
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What do alkenes react with to produce alcohols?
Steam.
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What type of reaction is the one between ethene and steam (which produces ethanol?)
Reversible.
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What is required for a reaction between ethene and steam to take place?
A catalyst.
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What colour is dibromoethane?
Colourless.
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What functional group do alcohols have?
-OH.
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How can a homologous series of alcohols be formed?
When ONE hydrogen atom is replaced by a -OH molecule in each alkane.
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Name the first four alcohols?
Methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
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Give the structural formula of ethanol.
CH3CH2OH.
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How can you form a structural formula from a displayed formula?
By counting how many hydrogen atoms are bonded to each carbon atom.
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What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
-COOH.
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Name the first four acids in the group of carboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid.
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What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH.
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What is the functional group of esters?
-COO-.
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How is an ester formed?
When the hydrogen atom of the -COOH is replaced by a hydrocarbon group.
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What is the structural formula of ethyl ethanoate (an ester?)
CH3COOCH2CH3.
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What does a mixture of smaller molculed alcohols and water form?
Neutral solutions.
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Why is that alcohols are used as solvents in perfumes and mouthwashes?
Due to many organic substances dissolving in them.
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What is the mian alcohol in alcholic drinks?
Ethanol.
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By what process is ethanol produced industrially?
Fermentation.
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Complete the senctence: an _______ ________ of _______ is made when _____ converts _____ (from plant materials) into it?
An aqueous soluion of ethanol, yeast, sugars.
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What can ethanol be used for in SOME countries?
An alterative fuel.
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What type of fuel is ethanol made by fermentation?
A biofuel.
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What do alcohols produce when burnt completely in air?
Carbon dixode and water.
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What can ethanol be mixed with, to also produce a fuel?
Petrol.
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What does the reactiion between sodium and an alcohol produce?
Hydrogen gas.
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What is the difference between the reaction of sodium and water and that of alcohol?
The one with water is more vigorous.
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What can alcohols be oxidised and give an example?
By oxidsing agents, such as: potassium dichromate.
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What does the reaction between oxidsing agents and alcohols?
Carboxylic acids.
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What else can oxidise ethanol?
SOME air-borne microbes.
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Name two uses of ethanoic aicd?
To make alcoholic drinks sour and as vinegar.
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What does the dissolutuion of carboxylic aicds in water produce?
Acidic solutions.
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What type-properties do these acidic solutions have?
Acid-like properties.
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Why is that when carboxylic acids are added to carbonates they fizz?
As carbon dioxide is produced.
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Name two OTHER products of the reaction between carbonates and carboxylic acids.
A salt and water.
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What is needed for a carboxylic aicd to produce an ester? (2.)
An alcohol and an acid catalyst.
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What catalyst is sued for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid?
Sulfuric acid.
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What two things are produced by the eaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid?
Water and ethyl ethanoate.
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What type of reaction is the one between a carboxylic acid and alcohol to make an ester and water?
A reversible one.
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Name two properties of esters.
They are volatile and have distinctive smells.
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Name two uses of esters.
As flavourings and in perfumes.
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What type of acids are carboxylic acids?
Weak acids.
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In which reaction is carbon dioxide given off slower: the one between a carboxlyic acid and metal carbonate or the one between HCl of the same concentration and a metal carbonate? Why is this?
The one between HCl and a metal carbonate; carboxylic acids are weak.
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Complete the sentence: when ethanoic acid dissolves in water... (2.)
It will not ionise completely and most of the ethanoic acid molecules will reamain as molecules in the solution.
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What is the formula of an ethanoate ion?
CH3COO-.
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What type of acid is HCl?
Strong.
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What will HCl form in an aqueous solution?
Hydrogen ions and chloride ions.
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What does HCl do when it becomes aqueous?
Ionises completely.
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Card 2

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What is a functional group?

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Something that says that a certain molecule is actually that molecule.

Card 3

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What is a homologous series?

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Card 4

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What are alkenes and why are they this way?

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Card 5

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Give the general formula of alkenes.

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