C1 Flash cards

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  • Created by: adrik146
  • Created on: 31-01-17 21:06
What are perfumes made of?
Esters
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Name a natural source of esters
Flowers
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What is the formula for esterification?
Acid + Alcohol = Ester + water
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What 4 properties should a perfume have?
Non-toxic, soluble, easily evaporates, interactive with water
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What must perfumes go through before they can be sold?
Tests, not on animals
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What is a solution a mixture of?
Solute and solvent
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Job of solvent
To dissolve solute
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Job of solute
To dissolve
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What is meant by the term 'soluble'?
Dissolves
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What is a pigment?
colour
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Why is a pigment in a binding medium and a solvent?
Binds pigment + solvent, solvent makes it easier to spread the paint
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What is paint an example of?
colloid
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Why doesn't paint separate?
Small particles
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What is the solvent in a water based paint?
water
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Water based paint is an example of an...
emulsion paint
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water based paints contain what binding medium?
polymer
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What are the solvents in oil based paints?
Organic material soluble in oil
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Advantages and disadvantages of oil paints?
Dries slow and may have fumes but waterproof, glossy
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Describe the stages of an oil paint drying.
solvent evaporates, oil oxidises
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What are thermochromic and phosphorescent paints and what are they used for?
They change colour with heat (thermo) and glow in dark, used for baby things and on signs
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What are polymers make from?
monomers
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What are addition polymers made from?
Unsaturated monomers (have a double covalent bond)
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What is addition polymerisation?
Double bond opens and joins to make polymer
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What are the uses of weak polymers?
plastic bags
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What are the uses of strong polymers?
bottles
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Name an example of a breathable yet waterproof polymer and why?
Goretex, lets water vapour out, keeps water out
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Name the three stages of the atmosphere changing over time.
1. volcanoes released CO2, 2. some plants so less CO2 and some nitrogen, 3. ozone, 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.035% co2
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In an emulsifier, what is the tail?
Hydrophobic
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What part is the head in an emulsifier?
Hydrophilic
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What do emulsifiers do?
Stop oil and water from separating.
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Name 4 reasons why some foods NEED to be cooked.
Better taste, Easier to digest, Poison, microbes
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How are proteins cooked?
Amino acids change shape because bonds are denatured.
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What type of reaction is cooking?
Irreversible
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How are plants cooked?
Cell wall is made of cellulose which we cant digest so heat raptures it and makes potato soft.
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What is the balanced symbol equation of the thermal decomposition of Sodium Hydrogencarbonate
2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
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How do we test for the presence of CO2
Limewater, it turns cloudy.
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What are hydrocarbons made up of ONLY?
hydrogen and carbon
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What sort of bonding holds hydrocarbons together?
covalent
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What is the difference between Alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes are saturated because they are held together by single covalent bonds, alkenes have one double bond
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What does saturated mean?
Can't hold anymore of something.
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How do alkenes react with bromine water?
double bond splits and each one joins a bromine atom.
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How does a fractional distillation column work?
Longer chains have higher boiling point so go out lower, higher rise because shorter bonds.
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What is cracking?
breaking up longer chains into shorter ones to make them more useful and helps to match SUPPLY and DEMAND.
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Whats needed for cracking?
High pressure and temperature.
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Crude oil is...
non-renewable
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Name some political and environmental problems of using fossil fuels
war, prices & damage to wildlife
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What should be considered when choosing a fuel?
TEACUPS (Toxicity, Energy value, Availability, Cost, Use, Pollution, Storage)
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What is the word equation of Complete and Incomplete combustion?
hydrocarbon + oxygen = CO2 + water & hydrocarbon + oxygen (some) = CO2 + CO + C + water
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name how CO2 is added and taken away from atmosphere.
Added- burning, respiration and decay, Subtracted - photosynthesis
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What is acid rain made out of and what does it cause
Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, causes harm to environment, corrodes metal and stone, photochemical smog
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What is fitted into cars to reduce amount of CO being released?
Catalytic Converters
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name a natural source of esters

Back

Flowers

Card 3

Front

What is the formula for esterification?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What 4 properties should a perfume have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What must perfumes go through before they can be sold?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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