C1, c2, c3

?
  • Created by: gbow231
  • Created on: 16-06-15 20:44
what is crude oil a mixture of?
many hydrocarbons
1 of 68
Hydrocarbons with bigger molecules have...?
stronger intermolecular forces between their molecules
2 of 68
do molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have higher or lower boiling points than smaller molecules?
higher
3 of 68
what are fossil fuels?
they are finite resources because they are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly
4 of 68
What does cracking help with?
oil refinery match its supply of useful products such as petrol with the demand for them
5 of 68
cracking converts large alkane molecules into what?
smaller alkane and alkene molecules
6 of 68
what can crude oil be separated by?
fractional disolation
7 of 68
where on the fractionating column is crude oil heated?
near the bottom
8 of 68
where do fractions with low boiling points exit?
at the top
9 of 68
where do fractions with high boiling points exit?
at the bottom
10 of 68
why are fossil fuels non-renewable?
because they are being used up faster than they are being made
11 of 68
what is made when hydrocarbons burn in a plentiful supply of air?
carbon dioxide and water
12 of 68
what is the atmosphere made up of?
21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 0.35% other gases
13 of 68
what are the processes of the carbon cycle?
photosynthesis, respiration and combustion
14 of 68
what factors need to be considered when choosing a fuel?
energy value, availability, storage, toxicity, pollution and ease of use
15 of 68
where did the original atmosphere come from?
the degassing of early volcanoes which were rich in water and carbon dioxide
16 of 68
what colour does carbon dioxide turn limewater?
water
17 of 68
what can carbon dioxide be tested for with?
limewater
18 of 68
what is a hydrocarbon a compound of?
carbon atoms an hydrogen atoms only
19 of 68
what are alkanes?
hydrocarbons which contain single covalent bonds only.
20 of 68
What are alkenes?
hydrocarbons which contain only double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms
21 of 68
why can plastics with weak intermolecular forces be easily stretched?
because the polymer molecules can slide over one another
22 of 68
what do rigid polymers have?
cross-linking bridges
23 of 68
what does GORE TEX allow?
water vapor to pass out so that sweat does not condense
24 of 68
how are addition polymers made?
when alkane monomer molecules react together under high pressure and with a catalyst
25 of 68
What does denature mean?
the change of shape of the protein molecule is permanent
26 of 68
what are Emulsifiers?
molecules with a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part.
27 of 68
What does hydrophilic bond to?
water molecules
28 of 68
what does hydrophobic bond to?
oil molecules
29 of 68
Why do perfumes need to evaporate?
to reaach the nose
30 of 68
how does the perfume evaporate?
particles need sufficient kinetic energy to overcome their attraction to other molecules in the liquid
31 of 68
What do plate movements cause?
Earthquakes and volcanoes
32 of 68
what evidence does a theory have to have to be accepted?
repeatable and agreed
33 of 68
how is rock recycled?
by geological processes
34 of 68
where are metals extracted from?
rocks
35 of 68
is concrete strong or weak?
weak
36 of 68
how can concrete be reinforced?
with steel
37 of 68
What do alloys contain?
at least one metal, but have different properties
38 of 68
hwo is copper extracted?
by reduction
39 of 68
how is copper purified?
by electrolysis
40 of 68
what are the ingredients for rusting?
water and oxygen
41 of 68
what speeds up rusting?
salt
42 of 68
what is the haber process?
a reversible reaction that makes ammonia
43 of 68
what is the symbol equation for ammonia?
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
44 of 68
What can ammonia be used to make?
nitrogen fertilisers
45 of 68
What can fertilisers cause?
eutrophication
46 of 68
in electrolysis where do positive ions move to?
the cathode
47 of 68
where do the negative ions move to?
the anode
48 of 68
what does electrolysis split sodium chloride solution into?
hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide
49 of 68
how is sodium chloride obtained?
From the ground or by solution mining
50 of 68
what is rate of reaction?
how much product is made in a fixed time
51 of 68
the higher the temperature the...?
more successful the collisions between particles
52 of 68
what do catalysts do?
change the rate of reaction but remain unchanged at the end
53 of 68
the higher the temperature...?
the higher the collision frequency of reacting particles
54 of 68
why are fine powders more combustible?
as they have a grater surface area exposed
55 of 68
what does increasing pressure increase?
the rate of reactions as there are a higher number of successful collision
56 of 68
how to calculate percentage yield?
actual yield / predicted yield x 100
57 of 68
atom economy is?
m of desired products / sum of m of all products x 100
58 of 68
what is bond breaking?
endothermic process
59 of 68
what is bond making?
exothermic process
60 of 68
if the energy transferred during bond breaking is less than during bond making what is the process overall?
exothermic
61 of 68
what is the equation for energy per gram?
energy release / mass of fuel burnt
62 of 68
what are continuos processes used to make?
chemicals such as ammonia
63 of 68
what are batch processes used to make?
pharmaceutical drugs
64 of 68
how are chemicals extracted from plants?
by crushing, boiling, dissolving and chromatography
65 of 68
Diamonds, graphite and fullerenes are allotropes of what?
carbon
66 of 68
does a dimond conduct electricity?
no
67 of 68
does graphite conduct electricity and why?
yees, as it has electrons that can move between the layers
68 of 68

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Hydrocarbons with bigger molecules have...?

Back

stronger intermolecular forces between their molecules

Card 3

Front

do molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have higher or lower boiling points than smaller molecules?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are fossil fuels?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does cracking help with?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Making crude oil useful resources »