C1

?
How much of the air is nitrogen
78%
1 of 53
how much of the air is oxygen
21%
2 of 53
what makes up 0.04% of the air
Carbon dioxide
3 of 53
1% of the air is what
small gasses such as argon, water vapour and carbon dioxide
4 of 53
Oxygen reacts with most metals to create what
solid metal oxides
5 of 53
how and when was the earths atmosphere formed
by volcanic activity about 4 billion years ago
6 of 53
what happened as the earth cooled
water condensed, forming oceans
7 of 53
why us bacteria-like creatures evolving important
they photosynthesise, removing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, allowing living things
8 of 53
how are fossil fuels created
carbon dioxide from dead plants/animals becoming buried and compressed
9 of 53
Carbon dioxide dissolves in oceans, causing what
insoluble calcium carbonate, which later forms sediments and then sedimentary rocks
10 of 53
name 3 pollutants
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide
11 of 53
why is air quality decreasing
human activity and volcanoes
12 of 53
what human activity is harming air quality
deforestation, burning fossil fuels, transport
13 of 53
how much has carbon dioxide increased by
25% in the last 50 years
14 of 53
what does rising CO2 levels cause
climate change, greenhouse gasses becoming trapped in the atmosphere
15 of 53
what two pollutants cause acid rain
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide
16 of 53
what health risk is common with poor air quality
asthma
17 of 53
what is carbon dioxide in the air measured in
parts per million (1g of CO2 in 1million g of air)
18 of 53
what do high levels of sulfur dioxide cause
higher levels of asthma attacks
19 of 53
give 3 examples of fossil fuels (hydrocarbons)
petrol, diesel, fuel oil
20 of 53
how is coal formed
compressed carbon dioxide in swampy/muddy conditions (dead trees)
21 of 53
what is the result of hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen
carbon dioxide, water and energy
22 of 53
define oxidation
adding oxygen to a substance
23 of 53
what is reduction
removing oxygen from a substance
24 of 53
what is combustion
an oxygen reaction, burning
25 of 53
What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction
they get rearranged to form something else, they do not change
26 of 53
What gas is given off when burning solid yellow sulfur
sulfur dioxide
27 of 53
How does sulfur get into the air
burning fossil fuels, sulfur is in fossil fuels
28 of 53
word equation for sulfur burning
sulfur + oxygen -> sulfur dioxide
29 of 53
symbol equation for sulfur burning
S + O2 -> SO2
30 of 53
what fossil fuel contains the most sulfur
coal
31 of 53
what does sulfur dioxide cause that harms plants/animals/air
acid rain
32 of 53
how do power stations and transport cause pollutants
they burn fuels
33 of 53
what is incomplete combustion
burning when the air supply is limited (insufficient CO2)
34 of 53
what does incomplete combustion form
carbon monoxide (poisonous gas) and solid carbon (soot)
35 of 53
why do air quality measurements need repeating
on hot, dry days, pollutants can be trapped in cities
36 of 53
what gas is formed in furnaces and engines at temp 1000 degrees
Nitrogen Monoxide
37 of 53
What happens when nitrogen monoxide is released into the atmosphere
it cools, reacts with oxygen again and forms nitrogen dioxide (toxic brown gas)
38 of 53
why is NOx used to represent both nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide
they are both pollutants that can be in the air,so NOx is used to represent both
39 of 53
name three risks of NOx
acid rain, health problems (asthma), damages buildings
40 of 53
when do pollutants leave the atmosphere
photosynthesis, CO2 dissolving in water, carbon particulate settling, acid rain
41 of 53
how can power stations be improved
reducing electricity which burns less fossil fuels
42 of 53
what are substitutes for fossil fuels
gas, oil, biofuels
43 of 53
what is wet scrubbing
removing sulfur dioxide from waste gases in power stations
44 of 53
what are the two wet scrubbing methods
using an alkaline slurry (calcium oxide and water) to make gypsum which can be sold as plaster OR using sea water to absorb the SO2
45 of 53
what does burning less fossil fuels do
reduce carbon dioxide levels
46 of 53
what are biofuels
fuels made from plants, (palm oil, wood chips, alcohol made from sugar)
47 of 53
why are fossil fuels not sustainable?
they're not renewable
48 of 53
three ways to reduce air pollution
cheaper public transport, using less cars, using cleaner fuels
49 of 53
what do catalytic converters do
allow pollutants to react with eachother (carbon monoxide is oxidised and nitrogen dioxide is reduced)
50 of 53
what damages the catalyst
sulfur
51 of 53
one positive of electric cars
they do not give out any pollutant gasses
52 of 53
one negative of electric cars
the electricity used to charge them, causes fossil fuels to be burned in power stations
53 of 53

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

how much of the air is oxygen

Back

21%

Card 3

Front

what makes up 0.04% of the air

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

1% of the air is what

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Oxygen reacts with most metals to create what

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

C6
See all Chemistry resources »See all C1 resources »