they are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly.
2 of 26
fossil fuels also are
non- renewable resources as they are being used up faster than they are being formed
3 of 26
crude oil can be separated by
fractional distillation
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the process of fractional distillation
it is heated near the bottom of a FRACTIONATING COLUMN. Fractions with LOW boiling points EXIT at the top. Fractions with HIGH boiling points exit at the bottom.
5 of 26
Hydrocarbons with bigger molecules have
stronger intermolecular forces between their molecules so have HIGHER boiling points than smaller molecules.
6 of 26
Cracking helps an oil refinery
match its supply of useful products (like petrol) with the demand for them.
7 of 26
Cracking converts
large alkane molecules into small alkane and alkene molecules
8 of 26
If hydrocarbons burn in a plentiful supply of air
carbon dioxide and water are made.
9 of 26
Carbon dioxide can be tested for with
limewater as it turns the limewater milky
10 of 26
the present day atmosphere contains
21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 0.035% carbon dioxide
11 of 26
key factors that need to be considered when choosing a fuel are
energy value, availability,storage, toxicity, pollution caused and ease of use
12 of 26
carbon cycle include
photosynthesis, respiration and combustion
13 of 26
the original atmosphere came from
degassing of early volcanoes which were rich in water and carbon dioxide. The water condensed to form oceans. Photosynthetic organisms helped to increase the levels of oxygen
14 of 26
a hydrocarbon is a compound made of
hydrogen and carbon ONLY
15 of 26
addition polymers are made when
alkene monomer molecules react together under high pressure and with a catalyst
16 of 26
Nylon and GORE-TEX are polymers with
suitable properties for particular uses.
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Nylon is
tough,lightweight and keeps water and UV light out
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GORE-TEX is
tough,lightweight and keeps water and UV light out AND allows water vapour to pass out so that sweat does not condense
19 of 26
protein molecules in eggs and meat
denature when they are cooked. The change of shape of the protein molecule is permanent
20 of 26
emulsifiers are molecules with a
water-loving (hydrophilic) part and an oil-loving (hydrophobic) part. The hydrophilic end bonds to oil molecules, keeping the oil and water from separating
21 of 26
perfumes need to be able to.... so...
evaporate so that they can easily reach the nose
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to evaporate...
particles need sufficient kinetic energy to overcome their attraction to there molecules in the liquid
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paints are colloids because
the particles are mixed and dispersed throughout a liquid but are not dissolved in it.
24 of 26
Thermochromic pigments
change colour with heat and are used, for example, in babies toys that tare immersed in water to show whether the water is too hot.
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Phosphorescent pigments
glow in the dark and are much safer for use in products than the alternative radioactive substances.
26 of 26
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
fossil fuels are finite resources because
Back
they are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly.
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