The carrier of genetic information in (most) organisms. Abbreviation of Deoxyribonucleic acid.
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template
The strand of DNA which is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in RNA after transcription.
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chromosomes
Twisted and compact structure of DNA and protein which carries genes.
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genes
A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome which dictates which polypeptide should be synthesised in protein synthesis.
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protein synthesis
Process in which cells build proteins at ribosomes using tRNA and mRNA with amino acids.
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transcription
The process in which DNA is transcribed into an mRNA molecule for protein synthesis.
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translation
Performed at the ribosomes, translation takes nucleotide triplets on mRNA and builds a sequence of amino acids as part of protein synthesis.
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RNA
Abbreviation of Ribonucleic acid. Carries instructions from DNA in most organisms by can be the carrier of genetic information (instead of DNA) in some viruses.
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codon
Sequence of three nucleotides which together indicate an amino acid which should be built into a polypeptide chain.
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mRNA
Messenger RNA is a template for protein synthesis. It is made from transcription before mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and travels to ribosome(s) where it is read to synthesis proteins.
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tRNA
Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that joins an amino acid to a polypeptide chain as part of protein synthesis.
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meiosis
Cell division which produces four haploid daughter cells.
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homologous
Chromosomes which have the same structural features and gene loci which pair up during meiosis.
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ribosome
A cell organelle found in the cytoplasm consisting of a large and small sub unit which reads mRNA and produces polypeptide chains.
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genotype
The alleles at the same loci of each chromosome of an organism.
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phenotype
The observable characteristics of an individual produced by its genes.
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crossing over
Occurring during meiosis it is the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes.
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independent assortment
The random manner in which chromosomes are distributed to each gamete produced in meiosis.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The strand of DNA which is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in RNA after transcription.
Back
template
Card 3
Front
Twisted and compact structure of DNA and protein which carries genes.
Back
Card 4
Front
A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome which dictates which polypeptide should be synthesised in protein synthesis.
Back
Card 5
Front
Process in which cells build proteins at ribosomes using tRNA and mRNA with amino acids.
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