BY4
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Katie
- Created on: 31-03-15 17:37
What is the full name for ATP?
Adenosin Triffosffad
1 of 57
Where is ATP's energy stored?
In the P-P bond
2 of 57
What enzyme is needed to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?
ATPsynthetas
3 of 57
What enzyme is used to release energy by converting ATP to ADP?
ATPas
4 of 57
Where does oxidized phosphorylation occur?
Mitochondrial membranes
5 of 57
Where does photophosphorylation occur?
The thylacoid membranes
6 of 57
State 3 advantages of ATP as an energy source compared to glucose
Provides a universal energy currency for many reactions in every organism. Releases energy a little at a time where necessary. Only one enzyme required to release energy from ATP
7 of 57
Give examples of where energy from ATP is used
Muscle Contractions, Active Transport, Biosynthesis, Neural Transmission
8 of 57
How much ATP can a resting person use an hour?
up to 2kg
9 of 57
What coenzyme is the most important hydrogen carrier in living systems?
NAD
10 of 57
What is mitochondria?
The metabolic powerhouses of cells that include biochemical mechanisms
11 of 57
What size are mitochondria?
length= 1.5-10um, width= 0.25-1.0um
12 of 57
What respiration steps occur in the mitochondria?
Krebs cycle and the electron transfer chain
13 of 57
What are the 4 steps of respiration?
Glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle & the electron transfer chain
14 of 57
How many ATP are produced through glycolysis?
8
15 of 57
4 ATP are produced during Glycolysis directly from phosphate compounds, what is this process called?
substrate level phosphorylisation
16 of 57
What is the final product of glycolysis?
2 molecules of Pyruvate
17 of 57
Where does glycolysis occur?
The cytoplasm
18 of 57
What is the final product of the link reaction?
2x Coenzyme Acetyl A
19 of 57
Where does the krebs cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
20 of 57
How many times does the krebs cycle occur for each glucose molecule?
2
21 of 57
How many ATP are produced through the Krebs cycle?
24
22 of 57
What is the total number of ATP produce through respiration?
38
23 of 57
How many ATP are produced through anaerobic respiration?
2
24 of 57
Why does the electron transfer chain fail during anaerobic respiration?
It's not possible to eradicate hydrogen through bonding it with ocsigen
25 of 57
What is the only step of aerobic respiration that can occur during anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
26 of 57
Name the two kinds of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation and Lactate path
27 of 57
What happens to the lactic acid produced by humans from anaerobic respiration (during exercise for example)?
Lactic acid is transported away by the blood to the liver where it is converted back to pyruvate
28 of 57
What is the definition of photosynthesis?
A process that occurs in the chloroplast where chlorophyll captures energy from light to use for converting CO2 and water to glucose and ocsigen
29 of 57
What are the 4 main photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplast?
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and santhoffyl
30 of 57
Give examples of micronutrients
Copper, manganese
31 of 57
Give examples of macronutrients
Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium
32 of 57
What effect does nitrogen deficiency have on plants?
Dwarfed growth due to lack of nucleic acids and clorosis due to lack of chlorphyll
33 of 57
What effect does magnesium deficiency have on plants?
chlorosis and death
34 of 57
State the definition of homeostasis
The tendency of a cell,organ or organism to control the internal condition of the body usually through a feedback system
35 of 57
What waste product do mammals produce?
Urea
36 of 57
Give an advantage of urea as a waste product
Less toxic than uric acid and ammonia so it's possible to store it safely up to a significant concentration
37 of 57
What waste product do freshwater fish produce?
Ammonia
38 of 57
Give an advantage of producing ammonia for fish
Although it has a high toxicity it dissolves easily in water
39 of 57
What waste product do birds produce?
Uric acid
40 of 57
Give an advantage of uric acid as a waste product for birds
It has a low toxicity and it's solid so it does not require much water to dispose of it which means that the bird doesn't have to fly with a bladder full of water so it is easier to fly as it is lighter
41 of 57
What are podocytes?
epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the bowman cup
42 of 57
Where does ultra-filtration occur?
The glomerulus
43 of 57
What substances leave the blood during ultra-filtration?
Glucose, amino acids, NaCl, H2O, & urea
44 of 57
What process occurs in the spiral proximal tubule?
Selective reabsorption
45 of 57
What hormone controls how much water is reabsorbed during selective reabsorption?
ADH
46 of 57
What kind of nervous system does a hydra possess?
Nervenet
47 of 57
List the three neurons in the mammalian nervous system
Motor neuron, sensory neuron, connective neuron
48 of 57
What is the dendrites purpose?
Transport information to the cell body
49 of 57
What is the purpose of the acson?
Transport stimulus away from the cell body
50 of 57
What is the purpose of the Schwann cells?
Cells full of myelin that sheath the acson and work like an electronic isolator
51 of 57
What is the definition of a reflex?
An involuntary, defensive action. It is faster than a voluntary action because it happens subconsciously
52 of 57
List the 2 most common neurotransmitters
Acetylcoline and Noradrenaline
53 of 57
Do plants have a nervous system?
No
54 of 57
What is the most important factor to affect plants blooming timing?
Photoperiodism
55 of 57
List the three kinds of plants
Long-day plants, short-day plants, neutral-day plants
56 of 57
What is a phytochrome?
the light-receptor that's responsible for absorbing light
57 of 57
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where is ATP's energy stored?
Back
In the P-P bond
Card 3
Front
What enzyme is needed to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?
Back
Card 4
Front
What enzyme is used to release energy by converting ATP to ADP?
Back
Card 5
Front
Where does oxidized phosphorylation occur?
Back
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
1.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
1.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made