BY2 - Reproductive strategies - Flashcards in A Level and IB Biology

What is reproduction?

The ability to produce other individuals of the same species

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What are the two types of reproduction?

Asexual and sexual

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What is asexual reproduction?

The 'cloning' of parent organisms

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What is sexual reproduction?

The fusion of two gametes (haploid cells) to form body cells (diploid)

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*44 Many organisms can reproduce can reproduce sexually and asexually. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

:) variation, allows resistant stage in life cycle :( needs two parents, slow, mutation, need for fusion of gametes, large numbers produced

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Name two advantages of sexual reproduction

Increased genetic variety increases adaption to environmental change. Allows growth of resistant genes allowing to withstand adverse weather conditions

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What is diploid?

The full chromosome number of body cells

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What is haploid?

Half the chromosome number found in gametes

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What is a zygote?

A fertilised egg

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What are diploid cells created by?

Mitosis

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What are haploid cells created by?

Meiosis

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*45 State two advantages of internal fetilisation

Reduced number of gametes, more chance or fertilisation, male gametes become independent of water, zygote can be protected, resistant stage in life cycle

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Name two disadvantages of external fertilsation

Fertilisation is less likely and larger numbers of gametes are required

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Name three advantages of internal fertilisation

More change of gametes fusing, allows male gamete to be independent, the fertilised egg has protection

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*46 State two adaptations of animals to life on land

- Egg with shell - Internal fertilisation

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Why do animals whos zygotes develop externally create more zygotes?

To increase chance of survival as they are more vunerable

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Name the features of an amniote egg

- Has fluid filled cavity surrounded by membrane - Covered by protective shell - embryo with yolk sac is enclosed

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Generally there is a __ in the number of offspring produced as the need for parental care decreases

Increase

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Generally there is a __ in the number of offspring produced as the need for parental care increases

Decreases

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Name two advantages of the pupal stage?

- Allows to overcome unfavorable conditions - Enables the development off a more specialised adult

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*47 State three reasons why flowering plants have been so successful in the colonisation of the land

Reproduction using pollen, efficient water carrying vessels (xylem), food store in seeds increases long survival, no need for water fertilisation, leaves fall & decay for nutrients

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How are pollen grains transferred?

By wind or insects

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BY2 - Reproductive strategies

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