BY2 Definitions 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHuman, animal and plant behaviourHuman, animal and plant physiologyEcology, ecosystems and environmental biologyASWJEC Created by: TayaMaireadCreated on: 07-05-14 15:07 Biodiversity Measure of the number of different species on the planet 1 of 39 Species A group of organisms which can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring 2 of 39 Distribution Of Species The number of species per square km increases as one moves from the poles to the equator 3 of 39 Extinction When the last individual of a species has died out and no evidence of any surviving individuals can be found after extensive surveys 4 of 39 Genetic Bottleneck Reduction of genetic diversity in a population (offspring have same genetics making them vulnerable to disease and mutation) 5 of 39 Species Conservation Planned preservation of wildlife to maintain genetic variety 6 of 39 Evolution The emergence of new species from existing ones over a very long period of time 7 of 39 Adaptive Radiation The emergence of new species from a common ancestor (can occur due to selection pressures) 8 of 39 Population Group of individuals from the same species 9 of 39 Fossil Preserved remains/impressions/traces of animals, plants and other organisms that lived millions of years ago 10 of 39 Paleantology The study of plants and animals in the geological past. As represented bby fossil remains 11 of 39 Mass Extinction Large proportion of a known species go extinct within a short time period 12 of 39 Taxonomy Scientific study of the diversity of living organisms 13 of 39 Classification Places order upon the diversity of life. Classification of living organisms into groups of manageable size 14 of 39 Homologous Feature A feature that has different functions in different organisms but is similar in structure so may have a common origin 15 of 39 Analagous Feature Have a similar function yet aren't derived from a common ancestor 16 of 39 Gas Exchange Process by which oxygen reaches cells and carbon dioxide is removed from them 17 of 39 Respiration Series of chemical reactions which result in the release of energy in the form of ATP 18 of 39 Ventilation The process of moving the respiratory medium (air or water) over the respiratory surface to create a concentration gradient 19 of 39 Counter Current Flow Water flows across the gill plates in the opposite direction to blood flow 20 of 39 Parallel Flow Water flows between the gill plates in the same direction to blood flow 21 of 39 Transpiration Evaporation of water from inside the leaf through the stomata and into the atmosphere 22 of 39 Translocation Transport of soluble organic molecules produced by photosynthesis in the phloem tissue. Bidirectional movement 23 of 39 Source Region where photosynthates are produced and exported 24 of 39 Sink Region where photosynthates are stored or used for growth 25 of 39 Systole Contraction of cardiac muscle 26 of 39 Diastole Relaxation of cardiac muscle 27 of 39 Myogenic Capable of rhythmic contractions and relaxations without external stimulation (by nerves) 28 of 39 Affinity One molecule having a chemical attraction for another 29 of 39 Saturated Percentage of oxygen bound with haemoglobin compared with the maximum possible 30 of 39 Dissociation Release of oxygen to form haemoglobin 31 of 39 Association Uptake of oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin 32 of 39 Partial Pressure Concentration (PO2/PCO2) 33 of 39 Photosynthesis Build up of complex organic molecules from simple inorganic molecules. Sunlight is the source of energy 34 of 39 Chemosynthesis Synthesis of complex organic compounds using energy derived in reactions 35 of 39 Peristalsis Contractions of the gut wall by circular and longitudinal muscles 36 of 39 Diastema Gap between the cheek and the front teeth in a herbivore. The tongue moves cut grass to the large grinding surfaces of the cheek teeth 37 of 39 Ruminants Animals such as cows or sheep. Have a four chambered stomach which houses mutualistic bacteria in the rumen. 38 of 39 Parasite An organisms which lives in or on the surface of another organism refered to as the host. Host always suffers harm to a degree- often death. 39 of 39
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