BY1 FLASHCARDS

?
  • Created by: jawjeener
  • Created on: 20-03-16 17:01
Explain the difference between a condensation reaction and hydrolysis?
Condensation - Two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide with the elimination of water and the formation of a glycosidic bond // Hydrolysis - the addition of water to a disaccharide which results in the formation of two monosaccharides
1 of 69
Are the following carbohydrates monosaccharide / disaccharide / polysaccharides /
......
2 of 69
Lactose
Disaccharide
3 of 69
Cellulose
Polysaccharide
4 of 69
Glucose
Monosaccharide
5 of 69
Glycogen
Polysaccharide
6 of 69
What is the role of lactose?
Energy
7 of 69
Does lactose occur in plants or animals?
Plants and animals
8 of 69
What is the role of cellulose?
Structural
9 of 69
Does cellulose occur in plants or animals?
Plants
10 of 69
Does glucose occur in plants or animals?
Plants and animals
11 of 69
What is the role of glucose?
Energy
12 of 69
Does glycogen occur in plants or animals?
Animals
13 of 69
What is the role of glycogen?
Energy store
14 of 69
What are the products formed and the type of bond that is broken when a triglyceride is broken down?
Products - one molecule of glycerol & three molecules of fatty acid // Elimination of water // An ester bond is broken
15 of 69
Why do the parts of organisms that move (e.g seeds) use lipids as an energy store rather than carbohydrates?
When oxidised, lipids provide 2x as much energy as carbohydrates // If fat is stored, the same amount of energy can be provided for less than half of the mass // THUS -it is a lighter storage product
16 of 69
What is meant by metabolic water?
Water produced from the oxidation of food // When water is scare, a camel can metabolise fats
17 of 69
What are two differences between a triglyceride and a phospholipid?
Triglyceride - three fatty acids, no phosphate group, non-polar // Phospholipid - two fatty acids, one phosphate group, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
18 of 69
Which end of the phospholipid molecule lies to the outside of the membrane?
Hydrophilic heads
19 of 69
Which part of the membrane does a SODIUM ION pass through to enter/leave a cell
Intrinsic protein
20 of 69
Which part of the membrane does a A LIPID SOLUBLE MOLECULE pass through to enter/leave a cell
Phospholipid
21 of 69
What are the four bonds present in the tertiary structure of a protein?
Peptide // Hydrogen // Disulphide // Ionic
22 of 69
Is insulin a GLOBULAR or FIBROUS protein?
Globular
23 of 69
Is collagen a GLOBULAR or FIBROUS protein?
Fibrous
24 of 69
Is keratin a GLOBULAR or FIBROUS protein?
Fibrous
25 of 69
Is lysozyme (an enzyme) a GLOBULAR or FIBROUS protein?
Globular
26 of 69
What is the function of MAGNESIUM?
A constituent of chlorophyll in leaves
27 of 69
What is the function of IRON?
Constituent of haemoglobin in blood
28 of 69
What is the function of PHOSPHATE?
Found in the plasma membrane / nucleic acids / ATP
29 of 69
What is the function of CALCIUM?
Bones and teeth
30 of 69
Why is water described as a polar molecule?
A polar molecule carries an UNEQUAL distribution of electrical charge // The oxygen end has a slightly negative charge // The hydrogen end of the molecule has a slightly positive charge
31 of 69
Which property of water allows insects to walk on water?
High surface tension
32 of 69
Which property of water allows fish to live in a frozen pond?
Water has a maximum density at 4 DEGREES so ice floats forming an insulating layer for animals below
33 of 69
Which property of water allows sweating to keep us cool?
High latent heat
34 of 69
Why is the property of water - it is a universal solvent important to living organisms?
Chemical reactions can take place in solution
35 of 69
Why is the property of water - it is transparent important to living organisms?
Light can pass through for photosynthesis
36 of 69
What are the two components of a virus?
Protein coat // Cone of nucleic acid
37 of 69
What is the organelle that is involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosome
38 of 69
What is the organelle that is involved in producing glycoproteins?
Golgi body
39 of 69
What is the organelle that is involved in producing ATP?
Mitochondrion
40 of 69
What is the organelle that is involved in producing ribosomes?
Nucleolus
41 of 69
What is the organelle that possesses cristae?
Mitochondria
42 of 69
What is the organelle that possesses thylakoids?
Chloroplast
43 of 69
What is the organelle that possesses cisternae?
Endoplasmic reticulum
44 of 69
What are three features present in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell?
Chloroplasts // Cell wall // Large permanent vacuole
45 of 69
Is the kidney a cell // tissue // organ?
Organ
46 of 69
Is epithelium a cell // tissue // organ?
Tissue
47 of 69
Is muscle a cell // tissue // organ?
Tissue
48 of 69
Is sperm a cell // tissue // organ?
Cell
49 of 69
What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic proteins found in the cell membrane?
Extrinsic proteins - occur on the surface of the bilayer or partly embedded in it //Intrinsic - extend across both layers
50 of 69
Glucose is water soluble // Vitamin A is fat soluble // They both pass across the membrane to enter a cell // How do they pass across?
Vitamin A - freely passes through the lipid bilayer // Large molecules like glucose are insoluble in lipids and cannot pass through the non-polar centre of the PLBL // Intrinsic proteins assist glucose to pass in & out of the cell by facilitated diff
51 of 69
What are two features of the membrane that increase the rate of diffusion?
Large surface area // Thin
52 of 69
How does an increase in temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Increase in kinetic energy of molecules results in an increase in rate
53 of 69
How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?
Carrier proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion
54 of 69
What is one similarity and one difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Both use carrier proteins // Active transport requires energy/ATP // Active transport occurs against a concentration gradient
55 of 69
What are the processes that involve active transport?
Muscle contraction // Nerve impulse transmission // Protein synthesis // Uptake of minerals by roots
56 of 69
What is meant by the term 'plasmolysis'?
When the cell membrane just pulls away from the cell wall
57 of 69
What is the effect of an increase in temperature from 0 degrees to 40 degrees on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
A rise in temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules // In an enzyme-catalysed reaction the enzyme and substrate molecules collide more often in a given time so that the rate of reaction increases
58 of 69
If all the active sites of an enzyme are occupied, what is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on the rate of reaction?
When all the active sites are filled, a point is reached when all the active sites are working as fast as possible // The rate of reaction is at a maximum and the addition of more substrate will have no effect on the rate of reaction,which levels off
59 of 69
As different conditions might vary from one organelle to another, what is one condition that might vary?
pH // Substrate concentration
60 of 69
How do the two types of inhibitors differ in how they attach to an enzyme?
Competitive - the inhibitor occupies the active site of the enzyme // Non-competitive - the inhibitor attaches to a site other than the active site
61 of 69
The Benedict's test is at best semi-quantitative estimating the approximate concentration of glucose in a sample. What are two advantages of using a biosensor/
Accuracy // Quantitative result // Measures low concentrations
62 of 69
Which type of RNA is only found in the cytoplasm?
Ribosomal RNA // Transfer RNA
63 of 69
Which type of RNA can be found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
mRNA
64 of 69
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA - sugar is deoxyribose, double stranded, thymine base // RNA - sugar is ribose, single stranded, uracil base
65 of 69
What are three events that occur during Interphase (a period of intense metabolic activity)?
Replication of DNA // Cell increases in size // Organelles produced. replacing those lost during previous division // ATP production
66 of 69
What is the significance of mitosis with reference to plants?
Production of large numbers of identical offspring in a relatively short period of time (e.g bulbs, tubers & runners)
67 of 69
What are three differences between meiosis and mitosis?
Mitosis - one division, chromosome number unchanged, no crossing over, daughter cells genetically identical // Meiosis- two divisions, chromosome number halved, crossing over occurs, daughter cells are genetically different
68 of 69
How can meiosis give rise to genetically variable gametes?
Crossing over // Independent assortment // Mixing of two parental genotypes
69 of 69

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Are the following carbohydrates monosaccharide / disaccharide / polysaccharides /

Back

......

Card 3

Front

Lactose

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Cellulose

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Glucose

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistry resources »