Bullet Point 4- Social Problems

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What did Lenin publish in 1918?
The declaration of 'Rights of Toiling' and 'Exploited people'
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What were the two principles?
Abolish private ownership of land and universal labour duty which was designed to 'eliminate parasitical layers of society'
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How many enterprises were closed between March- August 1417?
Around 570
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What did unemployment reach in 1918?
100,000
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By 1934 what percentage of urban workforce was unemployed?
18%
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What style of houses were built under Lenin?
Constructivist
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What was the 1922 law?
Labour law gave the right to negotiation binary agreements
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Who rationed food and fuel?
Prodaspreed
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Urban population fell by what % during the civil war?
25%
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What industrialisation led to full employment under Stalin?
Rapid
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What was introduced under Stalin's labour discipline?
Lateness was criticised, strikes were banned an damaging property was criticised
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What was introduced?
Continuous work week
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What happened in 1940?
Workers lost the right to change jobs AND introduction of internal passports
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What were improvements of the 5 year plan?
Entitled food rations, by 1933 most had access to electricity, Moscow Metro was opened and Canteens provided meal
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How much did industrial workforce increase by?
From 8 million to 12.2 million from 45-50
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What was the percentage that infant mortality decline by?
50% between 1940-54
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How much was the spending on healthcare from 50-59?
Doubled
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How much did pension budget increase from between 50-65?
Quadrupled
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What was introduced in 1961?
Free lunches in schools, factories and offices. Free public transport, and free healthcare for farmers
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What did death rates go from to between 1950-65?
9.7 to 7.3 per thousand of the population
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What did infant mortality rates go from to between 1950-65?
81 to 27 per 1000 live births
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What did Brezhnev introduce and who was it between?
The 'Social Contract' and between the government and the people
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What were citizens guaranteed?
Job security through full employment, low prices for essential goods, some social mobility and free healthcare
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He extended welfare provision by...
Subsidising rent, subsidising electricity and water, subsidising holidays and increasing spending on healthcare and pensions every year
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What was the percentage of female unemployment in some areas?
10%
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What did life expectancy decline to from in the 1970s? What was this due to?
68-64 and due to alcoholism
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Under the NEP what percentage of urban housing was denationalised?
60-80%
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What was also brought back under the NEP?
Rent
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What were the style of buildings?
Constructionist
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What percentage of house buildings were taking by public companies under the NEP?
89%
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What factory clubs were built?
Zuevclub, Russakov Club and Burevenstink Factory
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In Moscow how many beds were there for how many workers?
15,000 beds for 26,000 workers
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What did Urban population increase by between 29-40?
Doubled
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What was the type of housing under Stalin?
Kommunalka
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What was the type of housing under Stalin?
Kommunalka
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What was the size of an average room in 1940?
4m2
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What was the size of an average room in 1940?
4m2
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What was the type of housing under Stalin?
Kommunalka
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What was the size of an average room in 1940?
4m2
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How many people in Libuertsy district of Moscow didnt have a bathroom?
650,000 people
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What was Magnitogorsk initially designed for?
A model town
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What percentage of people in 1936 lived in more than one room?
6%
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By 1936 how many people lived in dorms?
25%
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What percentage of people in 1936 lived in kitchen/ corridors?
5%
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What were the dugouts in the mud called?
Zemlianksi
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What percentage of housing was damaged in Stalingrad?
90%
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How many people lived in Magnitgorsk in 1929? What was this by in 1932?
25 people to 250,000 people lived there
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Between 45-50 how many farming villages were built?
4500
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How many houses and agricultural buildings did this lead to the construction of?
919,000 houses, 250,000 agricultural production buildings and 31,000 central buildings
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What did Khrushchev and Brezhnev increase spending in?
Healthcare
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Under Khrushchev what percentage of healthcare budget increase by?
More than double- went from 21.4 billion roubles in 1950 to 44 billion in 1959
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What did pension budgets increase by between 50-65?
Quadrupled
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What did these new laws introduce under K?
Free public transport, free lunches in school
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What new housing block was introduced under Khrushchev?
Khruschcyovska
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What was guaranteed under Brezhnev?
Some social mobility, job security through guaranteed full employment
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What was on the rise?
Female unemployment- 1970s was 20%
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What did the Bolsheviks want for women and the family?
Communal living, children to be brought up communally and women looking after the children
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What were banned under Lenin?
Wedding rings
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What was introduced in December 1917?
Equal pay, abortion was LEGALISED and maternity grants introduced
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What percentage of men went for post-card divorces?
70%
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Prostitution was never banned under Lenin, in 1920 what was the percentage of men that used prostitutes?
39%
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What derogatory term was banned?
Baba
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What percentage of pay were women entitled too?
60-65%
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Who advocated replacing family life with communal living?
Alexandra Kollontai
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What was the Zhenotdel?
Worked with the commissariat of Education to introduce co-education
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What relied heavily on women under Stalinist era?
Collectivisation
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By what year were villages dominated by females and children?
1950
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By what year was 49% of the workforce women?
1955
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By 1928 how many women were in industry? By 1940 what was this statistic?
3 million and then 13 million
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By 1929 and then 1940 what percentage of higher technical college places for women?
20% and 40%
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What happened to divorce in the 'Great Reform'?
Made more expensive and illegal to divorce wife when she was pregnant.
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Was abortion legal or illegal under Stalin?
Illegal unless the pregnant women was in danger
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What was lesbianism described as?
A disease
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Following a divorce, how much were fathers expected to pay as a minimum to their former wives?
1/3
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When was the World Youth Festival?
1957
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What did the Soviet Ministry of Health inform people in the 1950s?
That women had no sexual desires until the mid 20s
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What year was abortion legalised?
1955
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What did state paid maternity leave increase from?
77-112 days
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What did they change the pension age from?
60-55
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Who is Katerina Furtseva?
In 1955 became the first female member of the politburo and served as a cultural minister for 13 years
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What percentage of children failed to complete primary school education?
88%
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What percentage was illiteracy in 1917?
65%
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In 1939, literacy rates were what percentage for urban population and rural areas?
94% and 86%
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How many people attended RAFBAK classes?
2 million adults
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What year was education made compulsory?
October 1918
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What percentage of 8-12 year old gained the full four years of primary education?
100%
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What percentage of children aged 12-17 gained secondary education?
65%
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What percentage of children aged 15-17 completed secondary education?
20%
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During the civil war, how many pencils were available per student?
1 pencil for every 60 students
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What percentage of college students came from Urban backgrounds?
2/3
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Who thought imperialism was somewhere in England?
Most young people
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What event meant that the best teachers were persecuted?
the Cultural Revolution of 28-51
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What was the Stalinist History Book called?
Short Course
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In 1917, what percentage of the population were literate?
32%
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In 1918 what percentage of soldiers were illiterate, and what was the statistic in 1925?
50% and 100%
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What did Lunarchasky do to help with Education?
Set up a netowrk of reading rooms around Russia. 6 weeks intensive courses in reading during the civil war
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What year did the Transport Workers' Union achieve 99% literacy by?
1927
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What was the 'Young Pioneers' set up?
1922
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What did Khrushchev do to schools in towns and cities?
double the amount that was available
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What year did he abolish fees for students attending secondary school?
1956
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By what year were students required to study the same mix of subjects established in 1947?
1985
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the two principles?

Back

Abolish private ownership of land and universal labour duty which was designed to 'eliminate parasitical layers of society'

Card 3

Front

How many enterprises were closed between March- August 1417?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did unemployment reach in 1918?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

By 1934 what percentage of urban workforce was unemployed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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