Bullet point 3- Control of the people

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When was the Decree on the press established?
November 1917
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What also happened in November 1917?
Nationalising of the Petrograd Telegraph Agency
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What was the ROSTA responsible for?
Distributing news
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Why did Lenin initially close down papers? By mid 1918 what wast this outlawed to?
The Tsar/ provisional government andsocialists
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By 1921, how many newspapers and printing presses had the Communist close down?
2000 and 575
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Which newspaper of the CP gained high circulation?
Pravda
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What year did pictures of Lenin start promoting the government?
1918
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What was the name of the person who tried to assassinate Lenin?
Fanny Kaplan
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What was Lenin known as?
The 'leader of the revolutionary proletariat'
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What happened to censorship under Stalin?
Tightened even further
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From what year did Glavlit control access to economic data?
1928
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Between what years was Soviet TV broadly successful?
1960-64
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What was the purpose of Stalin's cult?
Stalin's cult emphasised Stalin's legitimacy to take over leadership of the party
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What were the two names of Stalin's cult?
The Vozhd and Generalissimo
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What was Khrushchev's personality cult?
He was a hero of the 2nd world war
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What were the 4 aspects of Brezhnev?
A Great Leninist, Military hero, True man of the people and Dedicated to ensuring world peace
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Wren was the Cheka established?Who was the leader?
December 1917 and Feliz Dzherinsky
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Between 17-21, what did the Cheka do?
Closed down opposition newspapers, imprisoned and executed socialist opponents of the new government and ran concentration camps
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What happened also under the NEP?
NEPmen were imprisoned, priests were persecuted and young people who danced to Jazz
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When was Genrikh Yagoda appointed head of the NKVD?
July 1934
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Was Yagoda a success or a failure?
Proved to be a dissapointment
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What happened to the terror under Yezhnov?In what year was the NKVD purged and new agents were recruited?
He set targets for execution.1937
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What system did Yezhnov introduce?
Conveyor belt system
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What was the age of urban educated men were targeted? What percentage was men?
30-45 and 95%
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What were the consequences of the terror?
Stalin emerged stronger than ever, terror caused economic problems with the command economy, terror claimed the lives of Yagoda and Yezhnov
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How many of Yezhnov's closest associates were shot, and in what year?
200 of his associates and in 1940
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When were the Show Trials, who was involved?
Trial of the 16: in 1936 and execution of Zinonviev, Trial of the 17: 1937 and Trostsky, Trial of 21: 1938 execution of Bukharin
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What year was Yezhnov arrested?
April 1939
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In 1944, how many Chechens were deported by Beria?
460,000
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When was the Leningrad Affair?
1949
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When was the Doctor's plot?
1952-53
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What year was Yuri Andorpov promoted head of the KGB?
1967
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In 1968, Brezhnev issued the KGB what order?
N0 0051
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What measures did Brezhnev introduce between 67-70?
Agents weren't allowed to accept gifts, their relatives who broke the law (they) were sacked, promoted agents from across the SU based on success in dealing with dissidents
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What were the two ways of dealing with dissidents?
Emigration and Repressive psychiatry
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Who were allowed to emigrate?
high profile dissidents
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When was psychiatry introduced as a measure?
April 1969
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From what month and year did the KGB adopt the policy of official warnings?
November 1972
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What did the KGB estimate that they stopped?
The formation of around 2000 subservient groups
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Who was Solzhenitsyn?
Most high profile dissident under Brezhnev. Wrote a book describing the horrors of Stalin's prison camps
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Who was Sakharov?
the 'father of the hydrogen bomb'
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When was the Helinski agreement?
1975
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What were the causes of malaise under Brezhnev?
Alcoholism, poor-labour discipline and an increased black market trade
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Who is Anatoly Lunarchasky?
The New people's commissionaire of Enlightenment
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Between what years did Prolekult become a huge movement?
1918-20
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By 1920 how many members of the prolekult were working in how many sectors?
84,000 and 300 sectors
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Who created the 'beat the whites with the red wedge' poster?
El Litsky
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Who made agitational films that supported the regime?
Sergei Eisenstein
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Who are Rodchenko and Mayatorsky?
Rodchenko was an constructionist artist. Mayatorksy is an lerof a fellow travel
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When was the union of soviet writers established?
1932
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Who is Ivan Kulik?
The President of the Union of Soviet Writers
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What two qualities did socialist realism have?
Contained a true revolutionary of reality and aimed to participate in the buildings of socailism
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What is an example of famous paintings?
Morning of our Motherland
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Who is Sergey Merkorov?
He was famous for creating statues of Stalin and Lenin
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What is Zhandovchina?
A repression of artists
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What did the 'Cult of the Little man' focus on?
Ordinary people
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What happened to K's art?
Went through a series of 'thaws' and 'freezes'
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What was the thaw of 53-54?
NOvels was critical of various parts of Stalinism. 'New World' was published
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Propaganda under K poked fun at who?
The Alcoholic and Lazy Bureaucrat
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From late 1950s, what did writers produce?
Samizdat
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Who did K dislike?
Boris Pastorak
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Was Brezhnev interested in art?
Less interested in art than K, art became nostalgic
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Under Brezhnev, what were the three types of artists?
Obedient functionaries, loyal opponists and dissidents
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When as the trial of Daniel and Sinyavsky?
1966
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By 1970s, how many dissidents were receiving repressive psychiatry treatment?
7000-8000
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What is the Nonna Gorinova's forest ritual?
Live performance where she danced naked in a forest
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Who is Ilya Kabakov?
A writer who created a fictional autobiography called 10 characters to illustrate the dullness of everyday life
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Why was Lenin critical of the Russian Orthodox Church?
He believed it to be an ally of the tsar
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What two reasons were the government suspicious of organised religion?
Religion stood for values which were opposed to communist values and they were independent of the communist government
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When was the decree of land? When was the decree separating the Church and State?
October 1917. Jan 1918
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What year was Archpriest Ivan Kochurov murdered in Petrograd?
November 1917
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What year did the Soviet constitution guarantee freedom of conscience for all soviet people?
1922
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What is the living Church?
A reformed version of the old orthodox church
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What year was public debate with the church stopped?
1925
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What are 'crimes based on custom'?
Islam was believed to encourage these
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What did the NKVD originally do?
Attack groups set up to defend Islam
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When did Stalin make a pragmatic alliance with the Church?
During WW2
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How many Churches were re-opened under Stalin?
414
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What year did anti-religious campaigns start?
1952
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What year were Roman Catholic monasteries closed?
1959
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What year were campaigns enforced for men to educate their children?
1960
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How many orthodox buildings were closed between 58-64?
8000-6000
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What did Yuri Garagrin say?
He travelled to heaven and found no God
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What did Valentine Tereshovoka say?
Argue that she found atheism. 'The mysterious heaven that used to mystify my imagination'
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What did Brezhnev do?
End Ks campaign against religion, Churches were re-opened
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When was the Institute for Scientific Atheism set up?
196
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What also happened in November 1917?

Back

Nationalising of the Petrograd Telegraph Agency

Card 3

Front

What was the ROSTA responsible for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why did Lenin initially close down papers? By mid 1918 what wast this outlawed to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

By 1921, how many newspapers and printing presses had the Communist close down?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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