Britain: Key Figures

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  • Created by: Blank01
  • Created on: 07-02-20 09:19
Francis Bacon 1561-1626
Became Lord Chancellor under James I but was impeached in 1621. Known for expanding the scientific method.
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Henry Benet, 1st Earl of Arlington
Catholics who advised Charles II during exile. Supported the Dutch War in 1660 and was created Lord Arlington in 1665. Main force behind the Secret treaty of Dover. Lost his influence with the rise of Danby
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Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh
Catholic and became a Privy Council member in 1666. Helped negotiate Secret Treaty of Dover. Advised Charles to declare the Stop of the Exchequer and publish the Declaration of Indulgence. Made Lord Treasure in 1672 + opposed the Test Act of 1673
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Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury 1621-83
Supported parliament in the civil war but openly supported the restoration 1660. Opponent of Clarendon. Came into power in the restoration as part of Cabal and was made Earl of Shaftesbury. Opposed the duke of York succession and was exiled in 1682
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Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658
Came to believe through experience that God had judged Charles. Commanded the New Model Amry and in 1653 was made LP. Initialised the execution of Charles and was offered the crown. Was head of state till his death his son Richard took over
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Thomas Fairfax 1612-1671
Appointed commander in chief of the newly created New Model Army in 1645. With the army becoming more politicised Fairfax saw himself sidelined ad resigned in 1650
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Thomas Harrison 1606-1660
One of the most radical officers in the NMA. Believe Charles to be 'that man of blood'. Commanded the troops that brought the king to his trial in London. Was a prominent regicide who was one of the first to be execution By Charles II
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Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
1640-1652 was based in Paris and it was there that he wrote his work Leviathan. Finally section of this work was a justification of submission to England new republican regime
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Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon 1609-74
Leading Constitutional Royalist to 1642. Advisor to Charles I durin his exile and then Charles II chief minister until he was forced into exile in 1667
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Henry Ireton 1611-1651
Responsible for most of the political statements of the army from the Solemn Engagement, Heads of Proposal to the Remonstrance that called for Charles I execution. Played a big part in politics that led to regicide
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John Lambert 1619-1684
NMA officer who worked alongside Henry Ireton in producing the Heads of Proposals in 1647. After Ireton’s death became a leading army theoretician who through his written constitution The Instruments of Governments made Cromwell Lord Protector
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William Laud 1573-1645
Leading Arminian appointed to Archibishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633. Executed by Parliament in 1645
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John Lilburne 1614-1657
Puritan who attacked the Laudian bishops in print and helped distribute the works of similar minded Puritans. Left the army in 1645 to become a leading figure in Levellers which called for social and political reform
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John Locke 1632-1704
Published Two Treaties of Government in 1689
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Louis XIV 1638-1715
Took sole power 1661.French monarchy was at the pinnacle of its power with Louis being a symbol of absolutism. Was Victorious in many wars from 1661-1715. Extended French control and effectively took Britain as a client of the French crown
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John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale 1616-82
Presbyterian who supported the Covennat but promoted engagment and support for Charles II. Captured and imprisoned until 1660. Appointed Secretary of State for Scotland at the Restoration, persecuted Conventicles in Scotlnad and resigned in 1680
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George Monck 1608-70
Cromwell persuaded this ex-royalist to command the NMA in Scotland in 1650. Established links with Charles II and his intervention into English politics in 1659-1660 was crucial in creating the restoration. Was given title of Duke of Albemarle
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Richard Montagu 1577-1641
Arminian cleric who was at the centre of controversy at the start of Charles I reign due to his publication of anti-Calvinist tracts Charles supported and promoted escalated the dispute into a more serious constitutional question
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Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby 1632-1712
Emerged as Charles II chief of ministers aster the Cabal when he was appointed to Lord Treasurer 1673 and made earl of Danby 1674. Came under suspicion for being a supporter of absolutism and was removed from influence by Charles II.
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John Pym 1584-1643
Highly visible in the parliament in 1620s and pre-eminent in the Commons of 1640-1642. Was also one of the five members who tried to arrest the King in the House of Commons in 1642 and ultimately began the civil war
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George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham 1592-1628
Became the favourite of Charles . As Lord High Admiral Buckingham was seen as responsible for the foreign policy failures. Even when attacked by parliament Charles protected him. Assasinated in 1628
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William of Orange 1650-1702
Was linked to the English throne. As a result of his struggle against Louis he saw England as an extra resource to overcome the French monarch. Was invited by the English elite to invade in 1688 became William III = England a constitutional monarchy
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Catholics who advised Charles II during exile. Supported the Dutch War in 1660 and was created Lord Arlington in 1665. Main force behind the Secret treaty of Dover. Lost his influence with the rise of Danby

Back

Henry Benet, 1st Earl of Arlington

Card 3

Front

Catholic and became a Privy Council member in 1666. Helped negotiate Secret Treaty of Dover. Advised Charles to declare the Stop of the Exchequer and publish the Declaration of Indulgence. Made Lord Treasure in 1672 + opposed the Test Act of 1673

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Supported parliament in the civil war but openly supported the restoration 1660. Opponent of Clarendon. Came into power in the restoration as part of Cabal and was made Earl of Shaftesbury. Opposed the duke of York succession and was exiled in 1682

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Came to believe through experience that God had judged Charles. Commanded the New Model Amry and in 1653 was made LP. Initialised the execution of Charles and was offered the crown. Was head of state till his death his son Richard took over

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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