what did Wolf (1946) suggest about maternal deprevation?
when 100 'normal' children were placed in an institution they lapsed into depression within a few months
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What did Skodak and Skeels (1949) find about maternal deprivation?
When placed in and institution children scored poorly on intelligence tests, however when moved to a more caring institution theirs scores improved, some by 30 points
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what was assumed about maternal deprivation before Bowlby's reaserch?
A good standard of food and physical care maintained a child's well being
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What did Bowlby argue?
that "mother love" was as important to mental health as "vitamins and proteins"
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What is the critical period for maternal deprivation?
If an infant is seperated from their mother before the age of 2 and a half this can be detrimental if there is no substitute mother. However, Bowlby also argued that there was a continuing risk up to 5 years of age
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What are the long term effects of maternal deprivation?
Emotional maladjustment and and mental health problems such as depression
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What was the 44 thieves study?
Bowlby analysed the case history of 88 children visiting the Child guidance clinic in London, all of whom were emotionally maladjusted
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Out of the 88 what was the significant difference between one half of the group and the other?
44 had been caught stealing
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What did Bowlby mean when he said some of the thieves were emotionless psychopaths?
They lacked the normal signs of shame and responsibility
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What did Bowlby find to support his theory of maternal deprivation?
87% (12/14) of the emotionless psychopaths experienced frequent maternal separation compared to 17% of the other theives
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What percentage of the control group experienced early separations?
none of the control experienced any maternal separation whatsoever compared with 39% of the theives
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What manner of maternal deprevation did hte theives suffer?
prolonged stays in foster homes and hospitals when they were scarcely visted by any family
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E1: how did Yarrow (1985) demosntrate the effects of psychological as well as physical separation?
She studied deprssed mothers and found that 55% of the infants were insecurely attached compared with 29% of the control group
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E2: how did Bifulco (1992) demonstrate how long term effects of maternal deprivation affect mental health?
by interviewing women who experienced early maternal deprivation. 25% expeinced later anxiety disorders such as depression compared to 15% that experienced no maternal deprevation
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E3: How did Robertson (1952) have an impact on real world parctices?
He filmed 2 year old Laura during her 8 day stay in hospital showing her persistent distress throughout the stay
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E3: how did Robertson's work have an impact on social attitudes?
hospitals and institutions stopped banning visits and instead encouraged them
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E4: How did Barrett (1997) demonstrate that individual differences effect maternal deprivation?
He demonstrated that securely attached children coped better with maternal deprivation than did insecurly attached children who were more prone to distress
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E4: How did Bowlby et al (1956) Support Barret's (1997) findings?
Bowlby et al (1956) reviewed 60 cases in which children with TB were left for prolonged stays in hospital
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What did Bowlby (1956) find?
He found that while 63% of them were maladjusted the other 37% were reletivly unaffected. Bowlby later cotnributed this to the differnece between secure and insecure attachments within the control group
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E5: How did Rutter criticise Bowlby in his book: "maternal deprivation reassessed"?
He was critical that Bowlby did not distinguish between children who had formed and attachment and subsequent broken it or whether they had never formed an attachment at all
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E5: why did Rutter argue that the distinction between privation and deprivation is important?
the long term effects would be greater and more devastating for infant that had never been attached
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did Skodak and Skeels (1949) find about maternal deprivation?
Back
When placed in and institution children scored poorly on intelligence tests, however when moved to a more caring institution theirs scores improved, some by 30 points
Card 3
Front
what was assumed about maternal deprivation before Bowlby's reaserch?
Back
Card 4
Front
What did Bowlby argue?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the critical period for maternal deprivation?
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