- High melting/ boiling points: Lots of ENERGY required to DISLODGE IONS from RIGID positions. - Good conductor: DELOCALISED electrons move freely and CARRY charge. - Maleable & Ductile: LAYERS SLIDE past each other.
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Giant Ionic
- High melting/boiling point: ENERGY to break strong ELECTROSTATIC force. - Conductivity: When SOLID it CAN'T as ions are in FIXED postition. In SOLUTION/MOLTEN as LATTICE breaks down and IONS can move. - Solubility: Dissolves in POLAR substances.
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Simple Molecular
- Low melting/boiling point: WEAK Van der Waals' forces so need LESS energy. - Not conductive: No FREE particles to move. - Soluble: In NON-POLAR substances as VDW forces form between simple molecular and non-polar solvents which weakens lattice.
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Giant Covalent
-High melting/boiling point: ENERGY to break strong COVALENT bonds. -Non-conductive: As are NO FREE particles (except GRAPHITE). - Insoluble: as COVALENT bonds are TOO STRONG to be broken.
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Which have high melting/boiling points?
Giant metallic. Giant ionic. Giant covalent.
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Which are soluble?
Giant ionic (in polar substances). Simple molecular (in non-polar substances)
- High melting/boiling point: ENERGY to break strong ELECTROSTATIC force. - Conductivity: When SOLID it CAN'T as ions are in FIXED postition. In SOLUTION/MOLTEN as LATTICE breaks down and IONS can move. - Solubility: Dissolves in POLAR substances.
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