Bonding and Atomic Structure

?
  • Created by: Jan Shah
  • Created on: 10-04-13 13:11
What are atoms?
Atoms are particles which cannot be split into anything simpler by chemical means.
1 of 37
What are the three sub-atomic particles of which atoms are made up of?
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
2 of 37
Why is Hydrogen an exception?
It doesn't have a neutron.
3 of 37
What is the relative mass of a) proton b) neutron c) electron?
a) 1, b) 1, c) 1/1836
4 of 37
What is the relative charge of a) proton b) neutron c) electron?
a) +1, b) 0, c) -1
5 of 37
Even though Ionic compounds are made of charged ions what is their overall charge?
Neutral.
6 of 37
What is the meaning of an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
7 of 37
What is a cation and how is it made?
A cation is a positive ion and is made when it loses electrons.
8 of 37
What is an anion and how is it made?
An anion is a negative ion and is made when it gains electrons.
9 of 37
What is a property of transition metals when bonding ionicly?
They can form more than one ion.
10 of 37
When is an ionic compound formed?
It is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
11 of 37
What do all ionic compounds consist of?
All ionic compounds consists of huge lattices of positive and negative ions packed together in a regular way called ionic crystals.
12 of 37
What is an ionic crystal?
An ionic crystal is a giant 3-dimensional lattice structure held together be strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
13 of 37
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because of the strong electrostatic forces of attraction betweeen the oppositely charged ions.
14 of 37
Why is a large anount of energy required to break a giant ionic crystal?
A large amount of energy is required because it has many ionic bonds.
15 of 37
Magnesium Oxide has the same structure as Sodium Chloride. Why does Magnesium Oxide need more energy than Sodium Chloride?
The greater the ionic charge the greater the melting and boiling points are therefore more energy is used. The ions present in Magnesium Oxide are Mg2+ and O2-. The 2+ and 2- ions attract each other more strongly than 1+ and 1-.
16 of 37
What is a Covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the strong attraction between a shared pair of bonding electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond.
17 of 37
Draw a Dot Cross diagram of Lithium Oxide.
a
18 of 37
Draw a Dot Cross diagram of water.
a
19 of 37
Draw a Dot Cross diagram of Nitrogen.
a
20 of 37
Describe how Magnesium Oxide is formed.
To make this compound, electrons are transferred from the magnesium to the oxygen. Magnesium has 12 electrons therefore has 2 electrons in it's outer shell. Oxygen has 8 electrons therefore has 6 electrons in it's outer shell.
21 of 37
What is a molecule?
Where 2 or more atoms are covalently bonded.
22 of 37
Give a property of covalent substances with simple molecular structures and explain why they have this property.
These structures have low melting and boiling ponts. This is due to weak forces of attraction between the molecules.
23 of 37
Why is diamond not a molecule?
Diamond is not a molecule because it does not have a fixed number of carbon atoms.
24 of 37
What structures do diamonds form?
They form giant covalent structures.
25 of 37
Give an example other than diamond that forms giant covalent structures.
Graphite.
26 of 37
Why do substances with giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points?
They have many convalent bonds which need to be broken to change the state of the substance.
27 of 37
Why does Graphite have a lower melting and boiling point than diamond?
It has weak intermolecular forces holding the layers together.
28 of 37
Describe the structure of Graphite.
It has a giant covalent structure. It forms a flat structure which stacks up in layers held together by a weak force.
29 of 37
What is diamond used for and why?
Diamond is used for cutting tools because it has strong covalent bonds which are hard to break.
30 of 37
What is Graphite used for and why?
Graphite is relatively soft and is used as a lubricant. This is because the weak forces between the layers can be easily broken so layers can slide over each other.
31 of 37
What is an Allotrope?
It is the same atom but in different structures.
32 of 37
Describe the structure of a metal.
It is a giant structure of positive ions tightly packed together surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
33 of 37
What is metallic bonding?
It is the interaction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons.
34 of 37
Why do Metals conduct electricity?
Electricity is the movement of electrons. In metals the delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the structure.
35 of 37
Why are metals malleable?
Metals are easily beaten into shape as the regular packing of the ions in the structure makes it easy for them to slide over each other.
36 of 37
Describe how Magnesium Oxide is formed (continued)
For it to create a full outer shell the oxygen needs 2 more electrons so the magnesium transfers it electrons to the oxygen. Therefore both atoms have full outer shells.
37 of 37

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the three sub-atomic particles of which atoms are made up of?

Back

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.

Card 3

Front

Why is Hydrogen an exception?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the relative mass of a) proton b) neutron c) electron?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the relative charge of a) proton b) neutron c) electron?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Shaily Mehta

Report

Wonderful for revision thanks :)

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Structure and bonding resources »