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6. which of the following is an important functional parameter of pain receptors?
- signal only flexion reflex at joint capsules
- give rise to signals that convey the location of a joint
- are not affected by muscle tension
- exhibit little or no adaption
- can be inhibited voluntarily
7. concerning the motor cortex:
- following a cerebral haemorrhage affecting the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere, the patient feels no sensation on the left side of the body
- the coticospinal tract provides the connection between the motor cortical areas and the spinal cord
- the motor cortex is in the parietal lobe
- the motor cortex is situated in the postcentral gyrus
- motor areas of the cortex receive somatosensory inputs via the thalamus
8. which statement about the nervous system is NOT true?
- the dorsal root ganglia contains the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurones
- grey matter contains the cell bodies and dendrites of neurones
- each spinal segment gives rise to two pairs of spinal roots
- the white and grey matter of the spinal cord is arranged in the same way as that in the cerebral hemispheres
- each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
9. regarding sensory receptor properties:
- the amplitude of a train of action potential in an afferent reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
- the frequency of a train of AP in an afferent fibre reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
- a touch receptor will generate a constant rate of discharge for as long as the receptor is stimulated
- the first step in sensory transduction is the generation of an AP
- all receptors respond to a specific quality of a stimulus
10. which statement concerning the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of skeletal muscle is correct?
- a rise in intracellular Ca2+ allows actin to interact with myosin
- Ca2+ ions do not play a role in the contractile process
- the mitochondria acts as a store of Ca2+ for the contractile process
- the tension of skeletal muscle fibres is partly regulated by G proteins
- Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane is important in sustaining the contraction of skeletal muscle
11. regarding the sympathetic division of the ANS:
- sympathetic postganglionic neurones are found in spinal segments from T1 to L2
- the sympathetic chain extends from the thoracic to the sacral regions of the spinal cord
- Ach is secreted by parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
- most sympathetic preganglionic fibres secrete noradrenaline
12. which statement concerning the AP is correct?
- it may vary considerably in amplitude
- it results from a larger increase in the membrane permeability to sodium ions
- it can generate in the absence of sodium ions
- it can summate one with another
- it becomes larger as the stimulus strength increases
13. regarding receptors in the skin:
- all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the dorsal column of the spinal cord
- all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the ventral column of the spinal cord
- the nociceptors of the skin are bare nerve endings
- all skin receptors are encapsulated
- the receptive fields of touch receptors are uniform is all skin areas
14. which statement about the CNS is correct?
- it contains the dorsal root ganglia
- it contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves
- the grey matter contains nerve cell bodies
- it contains twelve pairs of cranial nerves
- the white matter contains nerve cell bodies
15. which statement about homeostasis is true?
- the integration centre is the effector
- effectors detect changes in physiological variables
- delivery of a baby is the end results of a positive feeback mechanism
- plasma glucose conc is controlled via positive feedback
- most physiological variables are regulated by positive feedback
16. which brain area is considered to be the integrating centre for sensory inputs?
- brain stem
- hypothalamus
- cerebral cortex
- thalamus
- pituitary gland
17. a single somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates =
- an endplate
- a motor unit
- a sarcomere
- a NMJ
- a contraction
18. which of the following statement concerning the velocity of AP propagation is correct?
- slower in myelinated axons
- fast in myelinated axons
- unaffected if the axon becomes demyelinated
- faster in unmyelinated axons
- independent of axon diameter
19. when an AP arrives at a synapse, which way do calcium ions move?
- into the presynaptic terminal
- out of the postsynaptic terminal into the cleft
- into the postsynaptic terminal
- out of the presynaptic terminal into the cleft
- no movement across the cell membrane
20. which one of the following statements is correct about events in a chemical synapse:
- hyperpolarisation at the presynaptic membrane
- arrival of AP at the synaptic cleft
- release of NT into the synaptic cleft
- outward flow of ca2+ ions into the cleft