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6. regarding reflexes?
- the knee jerk is an example of a stretch reflex
- withdrawal reflexes are monosynaptic reflexes
- a monosynaptic reflex arc involves one or more interneurones
- interneurones are the final common path for all reflexes
- withdrawal reflexes are stretch reflexes
7. which statement concerning the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of skeletal muscle is correct?
- a rise in intracellular Ca2+ allows actin to interact with myosin
- the tension of skeletal muscle fibres is partly regulated by G proteins
- Ca2+ ions do not play a role in the contractile process
- the mitochondria acts as a store of Ca2+ for the contractile process
- Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane is important in sustaining the contraction of skeletal muscle
8. regarding the parasympathetic division of the ANS:
- parasympathetic ganglionic neurones are distant from their target organs
- sympathetic postganglionic neurones secrete noradrenaline onto their target organs
- parasympathetic postganglionic neurones secrete noradrenaline onto their target organs
- parasympathetic postganglionic neurons express muscarinic Ach receptors
- parasympathetic postganglionic neurones are found in spinal segments from T1 to L2
9. which of the following does not contribute significantly to the protection of the brain?
- cerebrospinal fluid
- dura mater
- cerebral space
- cranium
- subarachnoid space
10. which statement about the nervous system is NOT true?
- grey matter contains the cell bodies and dendrites of neurones
- each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
- the white and grey matter of the spinal cord is arranged in the same way as that in the cerebral hemispheres
- the dorsal root ganglia contains the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurones
- each spinal segment gives rise to two pairs of spinal roots
11. regarding sensory receptor properties:
- a touch receptor will generate a constant rate of discharge for as long as the receptor is stimulated
- the frequency of a train of AP in an afferent fibre reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
- all receptors respond to a specific quality of a stimulus
- the first step in sensory transduction is the generation of an AP
- the amplitude of a train of action potential in an afferent reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
12. concerning the motor cortex:
- the motor cortex is in the parietal lobe
- the motor cortex is situated in the postcentral gyrus
- following a cerebral haemorrhage affecting the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere, the patient feels no sensation on the left side of the body
- the coticospinal tract provides the connection between the motor cortical areas and the spinal cord
- motor areas of the cortex receive somatosensory inputs via the thalamus
13. regarding receptors in the skin:
- the nociceptors of the skin are bare nerve endings
- all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the dorsal column of the spinal cord
- all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the ventral column of the spinal cord
- all skin receptors are encapsulated
- the receptive fields of touch receptors are uniform is all skin areas
14. when an AP arrives at a synapse, which way do calcium ions move?
- out of the postsynaptic terminal into the cleft
- no movement across the cell membrane
- out of the presynaptic terminal into the cleft
- into the presynaptic terminal
- into the postsynaptic terminal
15. which statement about homeostasis is true?
- plasma glucose conc is controlled via positive feedback
- the integration centre is the effector
- most physiological variables are regulated by positive feedback
- delivery of a baby is the end results of a positive feeback mechanism
- effectors detect changes in physiological variables
16. a single somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates =
- a sarcomere
- a motor unit
- a NMJ
- an endplate
- a contraction
17. which of the following statement concerning the velocity of AP propagation is correct?
- faster in unmyelinated axons
- independent of axon diameter
- slower in myelinated axons
- fast in myelinated axons
- unaffected if the axon becomes demyelinated
18. regarding the sympathetic division of the ANS:
- the sympathetic chain extends from the thoracic to the sacral regions of the spinal cord
- Ach is secreted by parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
- sympathetic postganglionic neurones are found in spinal segments from T1 to L2
- most sympathetic preganglionic fibres secrete noradrenaline
19. which one of the following statements is correct about events in a chemical synapse:
- release of NT into the synaptic cleft
- hyperpolarisation at the presynaptic membrane
- arrival of AP at the synaptic cleft
- outward flow of ca2+ ions into the cleft
20. which brain area is considered to be the integrating centre for sensory inputs?
- cerebral cortex
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- brain stem