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6. which of the following is an important functional parameter of pain receptors?

  • signal only flexion reflex at joint capsules
  • give rise to signals that convey the location of a joint
  • are not affected by muscle tension
  • exhibit little or no adaption
  • can be inhibited voluntarily

7. concerning the motor cortex:

  • following a cerebral haemorrhage affecting the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere, the patient feels no sensation on the left side of the body
  • the coticospinal tract provides the connection between the motor cortical areas and the spinal cord
  • the motor cortex is in the parietal lobe
  • the motor cortex is situated in the postcentral gyrus
  • motor areas of the cortex receive somatosensory inputs via the thalamus

8. which statement about the nervous system is NOT true?

  • the dorsal root ganglia contains the cell bodies of the primary sensory neurones
  • grey matter contains the cell bodies and dendrites of neurones
  • each spinal segment gives rise to two pairs of spinal roots
  • the white and grey matter of the spinal cord is arranged in the same way as that in the cerebral hemispheres
  • each cerebral hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes

9. regarding sensory receptor properties:

  • the amplitude of a train of action potential in an afferent reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
  • the frequency of a train of AP in an afferent fibre reflects the intensity of the stimulus given to its receptor
  • a touch receptor will generate a constant rate of discharge for as long as the receptor is stimulated
  • the first step in sensory transduction is the generation of an AP
  • all receptors respond to a specific quality of a stimulus

10. which statement concerning the role of Ca2+ in the contraction of skeletal muscle is correct?

  • a rise in intracellular Ca2+ allows actin to interact with myosin
  • Ca2+ ions do not play a role in the contractile process
  • the mitochondria acts as a store of Ca2+ for the contractile process
  • the tension of skeletal muscle fibres is partly regulated by G proteins
  • Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane is important in sustaining the contraction of skeletal muscle

11. regarding the sympathetic division of the ANS:

  • sympathetic postganglionic neurones are found in spinal segments from T1 to L2
  • the sympathetic chain extends from the thoracic to the sacral regions of the spinal cord
  • Ach is secreted by parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
  • most sympathetic preganglionic fibres secrete noradrenaline

12. which statement concerning the AP is correct?

  • it may vary considerably in amplitude
  • it results from a larger increase in the membrane permeability to sodium ions
  • it can generate in the absence of sodium ions
  • it can summate one with another
  • it becomes larger as the stimulus strength increases

13. regarding receptors in the skin:

  • all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the dorsal column of the spinal cord
  • all sensory info from the skin reaches the brain via the ventral column of the spinal cord
  • the nociceptors of the skin are bare nerve endings
  • all skin receptors are encapsulated
  • the receptive fields of touch receptors are uniform is all skin areas

14. which statement about the CNS is correct?

  • it contains the dorsal root ganglia
  • it contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves
  • the grey matter contains nerve cell bodies
  • it contains twelve pairs of cranial nerves
  • the white matter contains nerve cell bodies

15. which statement about homeostasis is true?

  • the integration centre is the effector
  • effectors detect changes in physiological variables
  • delivery of a baby is the end results of a positive feeback mechanism
  • plasma glucose conc is controlled via positive feedback
  • most physiological variables are regulated by positive feedback

16. which brain area is considered to be the integrating centre for sensory inputs?

  • brain stem
  • hypothalamus
  • cerebral cortex
  • thalamus
  • pituitary gland

17. a single somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates =

  • an endplate
  • a motor unit
  • a sarcomere
  • a NMJ
  • a contraction

18. which of the following statement concerning the velocity of AP propagation is correct?

  • slower in myelinated axons
  • fast in myelinated axons
  • unaffected if the axon becomes demyelinated
  • faster in unmyelinated axons
  • independent of axon diameter

19. when an AP arrives at a synapse, which way do calcium ions move?

  • into the presynaptic terminal
  • out of the postsynaptic terminal into the cleft
  • into the postsynaptic terminal
  • out of the presynaptic terminal into the cleft
  • no movement across the cell membrane

20. which one of the following statements is correct about events in a chemical synapse:

  • hyperpolarisation at the presynaptic membrane
  • arrival of AP at the synaptic cleft
  • release of NT into the synaptic cleft
  • outward flow of ca2+ ions into the cleft