True or false: the partial pressure of any individual gas is independent of other gases in a mixture?
True
3 of 36
What is Dalton's Law?
Total pressure is equivalent to the sum of the partial pressures
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True or false: at equilibrium, the partial pressure of a gas in solution is equal to that of the gaseous form?
True
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What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?
13.3 kPa
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At a PaO2 of 13.3 kPa, approximately how saturated is arterial blood?
98%
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What is the approximate oxygen content of normal arterial blood?
200 ml/l
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What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen in mixed/venous blood?
5.3 kPa
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At a PaO2 of 13.3 kPa, approximately how saturated is venous blood?
75%
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What is the approximate oxygen content of normal venous blood?
150 ml/l
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What are the two main ways in which oxygen is carried around the body?
Dissolved in plasma and bound to haemoglobin
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What is the normal haemoglobin range in men?
13.5-18.0 g/100ml
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What is the normal haemoglobin range in women?
11.5-16.0 g/100ml
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Approximately what is the average cardiac output of a heart in l/min?
5 l/min
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Approximately what is the resting oxygen consumption of the body?
250 ml/min
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How many sub-units make up haemoglobin?
Four
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Each haemoglobin sub-unit consists of two parts. What are they?
Globin chain and porphyrn ring
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What is the maximum volume of O2 that will bind to 1g of haemoglobin?
1.36 ml
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Adult haemoglobin type 1 (HbA) consists of what?
2 Alpha & 2 Beta chains
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Adult haemoglobin type 2 (HbA2) consists of what?
2 Alpha & 2 Delta chains
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Foetel haemoglobin (HbF) consists of what?
2 Alpha & 2 Gamma chains
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From what week of gestation are embryonic forms of Hb replaced by HbF?
Week 13
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At birth, approximately what percentage of haemoglobin is still HbF?
80%
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At approximately what age does the switch from HbF to HbA start to occur?
3-6 months
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Thalassaemias are a group of genetic diseases. What are they diseases of?
Globin chain synthesis
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Thalassaemia can present in either it's alpha or beta form. Which is more serious, and why?
Alpha form, due to the alpha globin chain's presence in all haemoglobin types
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A mutation in which chain causes sickle cell disease?
Beta chain
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What is the specific mutation for sickle cell disease?
Valine for Glutamine at Codon 6
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True or false: Being heterozygous for sickle cell disease means that you will have the sickle cell trait and be generally asymptomatic?
True
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True or false: Being homozygous for sickle cell disease means that you will have sickle cell anaemia and be symptomatic?
True
31 of 36
True or false: sickling leads to shortened erythrocyte survival and impaired flow through the microcirculation?
True
32 of 36
True or false: the sickle cell trait confers some protection against malaria?
True
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True or false: although generally asymptomatic, anoxia can manifest itself in individuals heterozygous for sickle cell disease in activities such as air travel?
True
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Where can severe pain be felt as a result of sickle cell anaemia, and why?
Spleen & bone due to vaso-occlusive crises & infarction
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Why do sickle cell abnormalities not manifest themselves until approximately 6 months of age?
At 6 months, HbA starts to replace HbF
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
In terms of pressure, what is 1 mmHg equal to?
Back
0.133 kPa
Card 3
Front
True or false: the partial pressure of any individual gas is independent of other gases in a mixture?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is Dalton's Law?
Back
Card 5
Front
True or false: at equilibrium, the partial pressure of a gas in solution is equal to that of the gaseous form?
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