Blood: Introduction and erythrocytes

?
Blood is
A tissue
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Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which the ______________ are suspended in the non living fluid matrix called plazma
Formed elements
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Red blood cells are known as
Erythrocytes
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White blood cells are known as
Leukocytes
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The percentage of erythrocytes in a blood sample is known as
Hematocrit
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The erythrocytes normally make up _____% of the blood
45%
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The plasma makes up ______% of the blood
55%
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Oxygen rich blood is what colour?
Skarlet
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Oxygen poor blood is what colour?
Dark red
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Blood is slightly alkaline with a pH between _________
7.35 - 7.45
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Blood accounts for ___% of body weight
8%
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The average blood volume in healthy adult males is
5-6 L
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The average blood volume in healthy adult females is
4-5 L
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Transporting metabolic waste products from cells to elimination sites is a _________ function of the blood
Distribution
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Maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulation system through blood proteins that prevent fluid loss is a _______ function of the blood
Regulation
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Blood plasma is about ______ water
90%
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Common solutes are: nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, products of cell activity, proteins, inorganic ions (electrolytes). ________ vastly outnumber other solutes
Electrolytes
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By weight, the most abundant plasma solutes are _______ - accounting for about 8% of plasma weight
Plasma proteins
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With the exceptions of hormones and gamma globulins, plasma proteins are produced by the _______
Liver
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Albumin accounts for ____% of plasma protein
60
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Erythrocytes are about ____µm in diameter
7.5
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These blood cells are shaped like biconcave discs
Erythrocytes
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These cells are anucleate with no organelles apart from the protein that functions in gas transport
Erythrocytes
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The protein 'spectrin' maintains _____________ of the erythrocytes
The biconcave shape
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Do erythrocytes generate ATP by aerobic or anaerobic mechanisms?
Anaerobic
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Erythrocytes lack __________ which makes them very efficient oxygen transporters
Mitochondria
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__________ are the major factor contributing to blood viscosity
Erythrocytes
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____________ is the protein that makes red blood cells red
Heamoglobin
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Each heamoglobin molecule can transport _______ molecues of oxygen
4
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When oxygen is bound to iron, the haemoglobin is called
Oxyhaemoglobin
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When no oxygen is bound to iron, the haemoglobin is known as
Deoxyhaemoglobin
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20% of the carbon dioxide in the blood binds to haemoglobin, but to the globins amino acids rather than the heme group - this type of haemoglobin is known as
Carbaminohaemoglobin
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Blood cell formation is known as
Haematopoiesis
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Haematopoiesis occurs in the ________ bone marrow
Red
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All the __________ arise from the haematopoietic stem cell (haemocytoblast)
Formed elements
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The formation of erythrocytes is known as
Erythropoiesis
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Reticulocyte count gives a rough index of ______________
The rate of RBC formation
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Having too few __________ leads to tissue hypoxia (oxygen deprivation)
Erythrocytes
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The process of making new erythrocytes depends on hormonal control, adequate supplies of iron, amino acids and __________
B vitamins
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Testosterone also enhances the __________ production of erythropoetin, which is partially responsible for the higher RBC count for men
Kidneys
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Red blood cells have a life span of _________ days
100 - 120
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The place in the body termed 'the red blood cell graveyard'
The spleen
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The _________ of haemoglobin is degraded to bilirubin, which is further degraded and is responsible for the brown pigment in feces
Heme
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A condition in which the blood's oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism
Anemia
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The causes of _________ can be divided into three groups, blood loss, not enough rbc produced, too many rbc destroyed
Anaemia
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Hemorrhagic anemia is caused by
Blood loss
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Iron deficiency anemia is where
Not enough rbc produced
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Pernicious anemia is where
Not enough rbc are produced
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Renal anemia is where
Not enough rbc are produced
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Aplastic anemia is where
Not enough rbc are produced
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Heamolytic anemia is where
Too many rbx are destroyed
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Thalassemias and sickle cell anemia are possible causes of
Hemolytic anemia
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This is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity
Polycythemia
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Artificially induced polucythemia is known as
Blood doping
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which the ______________ are suspended in the non living fluid matrix called plazma

Back

Formed elements

Card 3

Front

Red blood cells are known as

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

White blood cells are known as

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The percentage of erythrocytes in a blood sample is known as

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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