Blood Vessels, Blood Pressure & Cardiac Output

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  • Created by: ntygs19
  • Created on: 11-03-20 16:30
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
1. Arteries. 2. Arterioles 3. Capillaries 4. Venules 5. Veins
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Where do arteries carry blood?
AWAY from the heart to the body tissue.
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What are the 3 layers of arterial walls? In what ordeR?
1. Endothelium (inner) 2. Smooth Muscle (middle) 3. Outer Layer
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The structure of the middle layer of smooth muscle gives arteries their 2 main properties. What are they?
1. Elasticity 2. Contractivity
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Elasticity and Contractivity allow for the diameter of the blood vessel lumen to change. What is a decrease in diameter called?What is an increase in diameter called?
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Vasodilation
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What are Arterioles? Where do they carry blood?
Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
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What is a main function of arterioles?
Regulating blood flow through vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
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What are capillaries? What type of vessels do they connect?
Microscopic blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules.
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Why are they called 'EXCHANGE VESSELS'?
Because they permit the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and the body's cells.
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What regulates blood flow through capillaries? Pre_ S_
Precapillary sphincters
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Filtration and Reabsorption is facilitated by capillaries. What drives it?
Pressure
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How does filtration occur?
Fluid with nutrients is pushed from capillaries into interstitial fluids
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What type of pressure drives filtration?
Capillary blood pressure
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How does reabsorption occur?
Fluid with wastes is pulled into capillaries from interstitial fluid
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What type of pressure drives reabsorption?
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure
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What is the term for the ability of tissue to automatically adjust its blood flow in order to match its metabolic demands?
Autoregulation
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What is metabolic demand?
How much oxygen and nutrients the cells are using and needing.
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If metabolic demand is HIGH, the capillary blood pressure will be (higher or lower?) than blood colloid osmotic pressure? Will more filtration or reabsorption occur?
If metabolic demand is high, the capillary blood pressure will be HIGHER than blood colloid osmotic pressure, meaning FILTRATION will occur (nutrient-filled fluid will filtrate from capillary to tissue cells)
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If metabolic demand is LOW, the capillary blood pressure will be (higher or lower?) than blood colloid osmotic pressure? Will more filtration or reabsorption occur?
If metabolic demand is HIGH, the capillary blood pressure will be LOWER than blood colloid osmotic pressure, meaning REABSORPTION occurs as the tissue cells have more wastes to expel, and the low pressure in capillaries will pull the wastes out.
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What are venules? What iare they structurally similar to?
similar in structure to arterioles - walls thinner near capillary and thicker towards the heart.
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What type of oxygen does it transport? Where does it transport it?
DEOXYGENATED blood containing wastes towards the heart and lungs for reoxygenation
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Whattype of oxygen do veins transport? Where to? What are they structurally similar to?
Tranports DEOXYGENATED blood to the heart and lungs. Structurally similar to Arteries.
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What prevents backflow of blood in veins?
Venous valves
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Venous Return is the movement of blood from the _ to the _ to the _ to the Atria of the Heart
Venous Return is the movement of blood from the CAPILLARIES to the VENULES to the VEINS to the Atria of the Heart
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What is blood pressure?
The pressure exerted by circulating blood against the arterial wall
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Arterial BP = __ x _ _
Arterial BP = CO (Cardaic Output) x PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
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What is Cardiac Output?
Volume of blood ejected per minute from the left ventricle into Aorta
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Cardiac Output = _ _ x _ _
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
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What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction
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What is Heart Rate?
Number of contractions per minute
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What type of feedback system is BP regulation?
Negative feedback system
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What are the sensory receptors involved in regulation of BP?
Baroreceptors
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Where are baroreceptors located? 2 places
Carotid Sinus and Arch of Aorta
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What do baroreceptors register? 2 things B_ P_ and C_ O_
Blood pressure and cardiac output
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BP regulation is a negative feedback system. Baroreceptors send sensory information via G_ nerves to what part the __ Centre.
Via Glossopharyngeal Nerves to the CV Centre.
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Where is the CV centre located?
Medulla Oblongata in the Brain Stem
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If the CV centre registers BP or CO to be too high or too low, it send signals to the Spinal Cord which sends signals where?
Cardiac Accelerator nerves
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What do the cardiac accelerator nerves trigger?
SA and AV nodes, and Ventricular Myocardium
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What do SA and AV nodes, and Ventricular Myocardium do?
Increase or decrease blood pressure or flow.
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Several interconnected feedback systems control blood pressure and flow by adjusting what 4 factors?
Heart rate, stroke volume, peripheral resistance and blood volume
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CV Centre helps regulate heart rate and stroke volume, and controls the negative feedback system. It receieves input from what 3 main types of sensory receptor?
1. PROPRIOceptors, 2. BAROreceptors 3. CHEMOreceptors
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where do arteries carry blood?

Back

AWAY from the heart to the body tissue.

Card 3

Front

What are the 3 layers of arterial walls? In what ordeR?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The structure of the middle layer of smooth muscle gives arteries their 2 main properties. What are they?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Elasticity and Contractivity allow for the diameter of the blood vessel lumen to change. What is a decrease in diameter called?What is an increase in diameter called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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